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<P>有大家的文章，如第一篇就是诺斯的“理解制度经济学”，第二篇是福格尔的，等等！</P>
<P>Joan M. Nelson, Charles Tilly, and Lee Walker, Editors</P>
<P>Acknowledgments</P>
<P>First, we thank the participants in our five workshops for their ideas,<BR>insights, and analyses concerning emerging developments and trends in the<BR>post-communist world. Both those whose papers are included in this volume<BR>and those who contributed through their cogent comments and probing questions<BR>in the discussions were central to the work of the Task Force.<BR>Second, we express our gratitude to the project’s sponsors—the Bureau<BR>for Europe and the New Independent States of the U.S. Agency for International<BR>Development, the Office of Research and Development of the U.S.<BR>Central Intelligence Agency, and the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S.<BR>Congress—for bringing their inquiries concerning post-communist affairs to<BR>the National Research Council. They provided the impetus and the necessary<BR>financing for what we found to be a fascinating and timely project. We hope<BR>this volume meets their expectations.<BR>We also thank the Research Council staff who oversaw the myriad technical<BR>details associated with this project, especially Janine Bilyeu and Heather<BR>Schofield. We are particularly grateful to Rona Briere for her editorial expertise.<BR>Most important, Lee Walker, the project director, was the linchpin who<BR>directed the study, from its earliest glimmer through five workshops and innumerable<BR>drafts of papers, keeping us all focused on both the substantive tasks<BR>and the administrative realities. This volume would not exist without her<BR>work.<BR>Finally, we acknowledge the critical and intellectual contributions of our<BR>fellow members of the Task Force. We are a small group, and the scope of the<BR>topics and the substantial tasks entailed in the project demanded active and<BR>substantial contributions from the Task Force members. We are grateful to<BR>have had the opportunity to work so closely on this important project with<BR>such dedicated, thoughtful, and congenial colleagues.<BR>Joan Nelson and Charles Tilly, Cochairs<BR>Task Force on Economies in Transition</P>
<P>Contents<BR>Introduction 1<BR>I Overview 11<BR>Understanding Economic Change 13<BR>Douglass C. North<BR>II Institutional Change, Property Rights, and Corruption 19<BR>Underground Activity and Institutional Change: Productive,<BR>Protective, and Predatory Behavior in Transition Economies 21<BR>Edgar L. Feige<BR>1 Property Rights in Transition Economies: A Commentary on<BR>What Economists Know 35<BR>Alexandra Benham and Lee Benham<BR>2 Rethinking the Theory of Economic Policy:<BR>Some Implications of the New Institutionalism 61<BR>Thráinn Eggertsson<BR>3 Missed Markets: Implications for Economic Behavior and<BR>Institutional Change 80<BR>Leonid Polishchuk<BR>4 Fuzzy Property: Rights, Power, and Identity in Transylvania’s<BR>Decollectivization 102<BR>Katherine Verdery<BR>5 Rule Evasion in Transitional Russia 118<BR>James Leitzel</P>
<P>III Transforming Management, Labor, and Production 131<BR>Restructuring Production Without Market Infrastructure 133<BR>Judith Thornton<BR>6 Learning in Networks: Enterprise Behavior in the Former<BR>Soviet Union and Contemporary Russia 156<BR>Yevgeny Kuznetsov<BR>7 Formal Employment and Survival Strategies After Communism 177<BR>Simon Johnson, Daniel Kaufman, and Oleg Ustenko<BR>8 Observations on the Speed of Transition in Russia:<BR>Prices and Entry 203<BR>Daniel Berkowitz and David N. DeJong<BR>9 Social Policy and the Labor Market in Russia During Transition 223<BR>Alastair McAuley<BR>IV Social Trends, Household Behavior, and Social-Sector Policies 245<BR>Social Costs, Social-Sector Reforms, and Politics in<BR>Post-Communist Transformations 247<BR>Joan M. Nelson<BR>10 Reform of the Welfare Sector in the Post-Communist Countries:<BR>A Normative Approach 272<BR>János Kornai<BR>11 Social Policy Challenges and Dilemmas in Ex-Socialist Systems 299<BR>Zsuzsa Ferge<BR>12 Health Reform in Russia and Central Asia 322<BR>Jeni Klugman and George Schieber with Timothy Heleniak<BR>and Vivian Hon<BR>13 Vulnerable Populations in Central Europe 351<BR>Barbara Boyle Torrey, Timothy M. Smeeding, and<BR>Debra Bailey<BR>14 Pension Reform in the Post-Communist Transition Economies 370<BR>Louise Fox<BR>15 From Safety Nets to Social Policy: Lessons for the Transition<BR>Economies from the Developing Countries 385<BR>Carol Graham</P>
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