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英文文献：Working Paper 288 - Return to Investment in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia-工作文件288 - - -恢复对埃塞俄比亚农业合作社的投资
英文文献作者：Gelo Dambala,Muchapondwa Edwin,Shimeles Abebe
英文文献摘要：
In an effort to increase smallholder participation in commodity markets, the World Food Program (WFP) recently implemented five-year Purchase for Progress (P4P) pilot projects in 20 countries. The projects involved investing in physical and human capacities of Farmer Organizations (FOs) to aggregate commodities and add value as well as locally purchasing food aid from the same, the combination of which provided smallholders with value-added forward markets for their staple crop. In this study, using the Ethiopian survey data, we estimated a causal income and distributive effects of the Ethiopian P4P intervention among smallholders. Using a semi-parametric difference-in-difference (DID) model, which relaxes the parallel trend assumption, we show that the P4P intervention has raised per capita consumption of smallholders. Estimates of the treatment effect from alternative specifications of our preferred models ranged between Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 188.3 and ETB 248.6 (15.10% and 19.93%). Moreover, our analysis suggests heterogeneous treatment effects related to elite capture within Farmer Organizations. Policy implications are discussed.
为了增加小农户参与商品市场，世界粮食计划署(WFP)最近在20个国家实施了五年购买进步(P4P)试点项目。这些项目包括投资于农民组织(FOs)的物质和人力能力，以聚合商品和增加价值，并在当地从这些组织购买粮食援助，这些结合为小农提供了其主要作物的增值远期市场。在本研究中，利用埃塞俄比亚的调查数据，我们估计了埃塞俄比亚P4P干预对小农的因果收入和分配效应。利用半参数差分差分(DID)模型(该模型放松了平行趋势假设)，我们表明P4P干预提高了小农的人均消费。我们的首选模型的替代规格对治疗效果的估计在埃塞俄比亚Birr (ETB) 188.3和ETB 248.6之间(15.10%和19.93%)。此外，我们的分析表明，异质性处理效应与农户组织中的精英捕获有关。讨论了政策含义。
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