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英文文献：Working Paper 308 - The Diaspora and Economic Development in Africa-工作文件308 -非洲的移民和经济发展
英文文献作者：Blaise Gnimassoun,John Anyanwu
英文文献摘要：
While the dominant collective belief asserts that brain drain is detrimental to the development of small economies, new studies hold the reverse view. This paper aims at studying the role of the African Diaspora in the economic development of Africa. It analyzes both the overall effect and the specific effect of emigration according to the level of education of emigrants. Then, through a deeper investigation, the paper analyzes the main channels through which the Diaspora influences economic development in Africa. The results show that the African Diaspora contributes positively, significantly and robustly to the improvement of real per capita income in Africa. These findings challenge the dominant collective belief since the higher the educational level of the emigrants, the greater the impact of the Diaspora on the level of economic development. Improvements in human capital, total factor productivity and democracy are effective transmission channels of this impact. Finally, the results show that while high-skilled emigrants have an overall greater impact on economic development and democracy, those with a low level of education contribute more to remittances to Africa. The establishment of an annual African Diaspora Summer School (ADSS) by the AfDB in partnership relevant international and regional stakeholders as a channel for the transfer of knowledge, technology and experience would further strengthen the role of the Diaspora in Africa’s economic development. JEL classification: F22, F63, O55
尽管主流的集体观点认为，人才外流不利于小经济体的发展，但新的研究持相反观点。本文旨在研究非洲移民在非洲经济发展中的作用。根据移民受教育程度的不同，分析了移民的总体效应和具体效应。然后，通过深入调查，分析了散居侨民影响非洲经济发展的主要渠道。结果显示，非洲散居侨民对非洲实际人均收入的提高做出了积极、显著和强有力的贡献。这些发现挑战了主流的集体信念，因为移民的教育水平越高，移民对经济发展水平的影响就越大。人力资本、全要素生产率和民主是这种影响的有效传导渠道。最后，研究结果显示，尽管高技能移民对经济发展和民主的总体影响更大，但那些教育水平低的移民对非洲汇款的贡献更大。非洲开发银行与相关的国际和区域利益攸关方合作，建立一年一度的非洲散居侨民夏季学校(ADSS)，作为知识、技术和经验转让的渠道，将进一步加强散居侨民在非洲经济发展中的作用。JEL分类:F22, F63, O55
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