世界微观数据库链接总结（Markus Eberhardt）

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Data collections and micro-data repositories$$ Many UK universities and colleges have subscriptions to the databases maintained by [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]ESDS International (Economic and Social Data Service, based at Essex University). They have some micro-data, most notably the Young Lives data (see last entry in the micro-household section).

The single most useful website for those searching for datasets for development is maintained by Gunilla Petterson, an economics PhD student who is based at the University of Sussex. Her [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]developmentdata.org website has links to a vast number of datasets for development and is constantly updated.   

Another extremely useful link is the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]DEVECONDATA blog maintained by Masayuki Kudamatsu, an economics lecturer based at the Institute of International Economic Studies (IIES) at the University of Stockholm. This not only provides links and regular updates to existing and new datasets for development but also provides crucial information on some of the nitty-gritty data isses. Note that some of the datasets listed on this website requires subscription. Masa also has other very useful links on his [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]personal webpages, such as lecture notes, valuable resources for STATA and a list of regular conferences on Development Economics.

An excellent new resource for household or firm-level data from LDCs is [color=#089c9 !important]OpenMicroData. I do like their approach:'OpenMicroData is run by a network of empirical researchers who believe that microdata should be freely available.' Good thinking, guys. So far I can see some of the CSAE African firm and hh datasets linked, as well some data from randomised experiments in education from Burkina Faso. The site has only been up for a few months. [Gunilla Patterson featured the new site on her excellent [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]devdata website]The World Bank has created a new [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Central Microdata Catalog for all the micro-level datasets "in catalogs maintained by the World Bank and a number of contributing external repositories." At the moment of writing this repository includes 378 datasets. Slowly, slowly this Open Data malarky is getting serious...

Usually referred to as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), the fortunes of a group of emerging economies is of particular interest to many development economists. As part of the Pathfinder project the UK ESRC (research council for economics and other social sciences) has published [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Data Discovery - A rough guide to microdata in Brazil, China, India and South Africa. This details datasets from the four countries and discusses some of the issues involved in public access to data. Focus is on micro-data for health, education, firms, labour markets, housing and crime. The [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]IQSS Dataverse Network claims to be the world's largest collection of social science research data. As far as I can see this represents primarily the data used in existing papers, although there are also some very interesting 'raw' data links. The project is based at the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard, so the recent interest in randomized experiments in development is represented quite strongly in this archive. When I accessed it there were over 35,000 studies linking to 640,000 files.

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) has a number of datasets available at their [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]website. These are divided into Macro, Industry, International Trade, Individual, Hospital, Demographics & Vital Statistics, Patent data and other. Most of these datasets are for developed countries.

The US Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) is a huge [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]depository for data relevant for development economics. What I really like about ICPSR is their motto: "Please note that ICPSR does not provide publications, reports, or ready-made statistics. What we do supply are the numeric raw data used to create publications, reports, and figures." I wish some of the international organisations would subscribe to this approach... Your university/institution may need to be a member of ICPSR ([color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]check here) for you to get access to the data, but this is not necessarily true. Many of the datasets are in STATA or SAS format already.

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关键词：Markus 微观数据 Mark Hard Mar 数据库 世界

The Minnesota Population Center provides the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS International). "IPUMS-International is composed of microdata, which means that it provides information about individual persons and households. This makes it possible for researchers to create tabulations tailored to their particular questions [...] The data series includes information on a broad range of population characteristics, including fertility, nuptiality, life-course transitions, migration, labor-force participation, occupational structure, education, ethnicity, and household composition [...] The database currently describes approximately 325 million persons recorded in 158 censuses taken from 1960 to the present. The database includes censuses from 55 countries" (including LDCs such as Uganda, Rwanda, Cambodia, Kenya and many LAC countries). A large amount of documentation is provided, as well as supplemental data including GIS boudary files. Registration required (provide research project summary).

The Institute for Social & Economic Research at the University of Essex hosts [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Keeping Track - A guide to longitudinal resources. The site "aims to provide an up-to-date guide to major longitudinal sources of data. The central purpose of this site is to allow users to see what kinds of longitudinal data are available and to locate information about studies which may provide data useful to their research interests. The site covers data sets collected by governmental, academic, private social research, medical and private industrial sources. This site includes household panel surveys, studies following the health of individuals, birth cohort studies, studies following the quality of a product design, and administrative records. Users of this site can find out basic details of the purpose, methodology, timing, coverage, and availability of the longitudinal data sets covered here. The site also offers links to the web pages of individual studies, and provides contact details for people wishing to get more information about any particular study." [via Sebastian Bauhoff @Harvard]

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in Seattle has created [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]GHDx, the Global Health Data Exchange. This is an excellent data resource, a "catalog of the world's health and demographic data. Use the GHDx to research population census data, surveys, registries, indicators and estimates, administrative health data, and financial data related to health." Follow IHME on twitter: @IMHE_UW - they've already got 1,200 followers so their tweets are obviously very useful.

Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is a research group comprising any of the most prominent academics of what I'd call the 'new empirical micro'. The outfit was founded by Dean Karlan and brings together the usual suspects at the frontier of development micro (Banerjee, Duflo, Fischer, Kramer, Miguel, etc). Their [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]data website links to some of the data used in published work, e.g. for the de Mel, McKenzie and Woodruff RCT with firms in Indonesia among many other (RCTs). A second interesting resource (primarily in order to get to see where the field is going) is the database of ongoing and complete [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]IPA projects, which can be searched by sector, researcher or country.

The [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Center for International Data at UC Davis has some productivity datasets for South Korea and Taiwan.

The Data & Information Services Center (DISC) Archive at University of Wisconsin-Madison provides access of population censuses and other [color=#089c9 !important]demographic data from North and South American countries. [Thanks to Gunilla Petterson, who featured these data on her [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]developmentdata.org site]

The William Davidson Institute provides macro and micro data on emerging and transition economies, the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Davidson Data Center and Network. When I checked out the website none of the browsing tools worked, but the keyword search delivered a lot of interesting leads. The database also contains links to other databases, such as the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]China Data Center at U Michigan.

[color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]DataFirst is a Survey Data Archive and training facility at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. The Archive’s holdings include the datasets from all major South African surveys, as well as survey data from other African countries. But: Due to copyright restrictions, the datasets themselves are not downloadable from the site but survey data from surveys conducted by the University of Cape Town are available from DataFirst's website via our [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Public Access Catalogue.

The Office of Population Research (OPR) at Princeton University is a rich source of [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]data for demography and especially migration research (among other topics). Projects include the ongoing Mexican Migration Project and Latin American Migration Project as well as the Addis Ababa Mortality Surveillance Project. THe World Fertility Survey (for 41 LDCs) should also be of interest. Access to some of the data requires registration. [Thanks to Gunilla Petterson, who featured these data on her[color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]developmentdata.org site]

National data archivesThe Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics ('Statistics for Development') has a number of surveys on its website [color=#089c9 !important]'[color=#089c9 !important]Tanzania National Data Archive'. You need to be registered to request data (top-right corner of the screen has the link to the registration). Examples include the Integrated Labour Force Survey 2006 and the Agriculture Sample Census Survey 2002-2003. Data aside the website also has a citations tab, which features articles by Stefan Dercon and Gabriel Demombynes (both with co-authors) among others.


Project-level information/dataThe [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Mapping for Results Platform (beta version) of the World Bank provides detailed information about "our work to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development around the world. This pilot website aims to visualize the location of our projects and to provide access to information about indicators, sectors, funding and results."

A database of a different sort is provided by people at the Chronic Poverty Research Institute at Manchester University: in its 5th update/version the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Social Assistance in Developing Countries Database

Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) provides [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]MIX Market

The Learning and Educational Achievement in Punjab Schools Survey ([color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]LEAPS)

Plot-level data for Agriculture
The Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has an interesting data set for Ethiopia which combines a household survey with a plot-level survey. The title of the project was "[color=#089c9 !important]Policies for sustainable land management in the Ethiopian Highlands dataset 1998-2000" and the data is in SPSS format.


Fellow CSAE member [color=#089c9 !important]Andy Zeitlin provides [color=#089c9 !important]data and background material on a survey of Ghanaian Cocoa Farmers in which he has been involved for a considerable number of years now. The data is now available in 5 waves from 2002 to 2010. Please note: "[t]he data are available in Stata format for public use, and the CSAE is very happy for these to be used.  I only ask that you contact me to let me know if you are planning to make use of these data." On Andy's research page (link above) you can find a couple of his papers using this unique dataset.

Firm-level dataThe World Bank [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Enterprise Surveys are a great resource for firm-level data from developing and emerging economies. The data are in Stata format and users need to register to download either the standardized or original country survey datasets. The earliest available data is from 2002 and the latest is from 2007. These datasets are usually panel (based on recall). There is also a mega-file containing all the surveys and the Business Environment and Enterprise Productivity surveys (BEEPS). This aggregate dataset contains 27 European and Central Asian countries which were surveyed with the same questionnaire across countries in 2002 and again in 2005 with a similar questionnaire. The website is regularly updated when new data comes on-stream and you can sign up for an email newsletter, too.

The World Bank [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Investment Climate surveys are currently off the web. Check this link later. The website promises an 'interactive statistical and econometric tool. Links IC indicators and firm performance. Over 60 comparable surveys available.'

The [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) is a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the World Bank. The survey was first undertaken on behalf of the EBRD and World Bank in 1999–2000, when it was administered to approximately 4000 enterprises in 26 countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia (including Turkey) to assess the environment for private enterprise and business development. There now exist four rounds of this data, which is available in STATA format for the 2002-2009 panel and for individual years. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in EBRD countries of operation on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time. The survey examines the quality of the business environment as determined by a wide range of interactions between firms and the state and as such facilities research and serves as an input into policy dialogue with countries in Central and Eastern Europe.

The World Bank enterprise surveys division provide [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]updated raw survey data (free registration) for Belarus, Bulgaria, Germany, India, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. These countries are part of the new Management, Organization and Innovation survey work. In total, 1,777 firms were surveyed. 'The purpose of the survey is to measure and compare management practices across countries; to assess the constraints to private sector growth and enterprise performance resulting from management practices; and to stimulate policy dialogue about management practices and innovation.' Interesting work in the area of cross-country analysis of management practices (and their impact on productivity) has also been carried out by [color=#089c9 !important]John Van Reenen (LSE) with [color=#089c9 !important]Nick Bloom (Stanford) and various co-authors. On the latter's webpage there are links to a number of the large datasets they have created.

The Centre for the Study of African Studies (CSAE) at Oxford has a number of panel datasets for manufacturing firms in Africa, including a [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]comparative firm-level dataset for Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa and Nigeria. These are in STATA format. There is also [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]cross-section data for the manufacturing sector of five African countries, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This dataset is unusual in having measures of both physical and human capital. Data and programs are in SAS and documentation is provided.

The data for one of the seminal papers in the FDI spillover literature (firm-level), Aitken & Harrison (1999, AER) is available onAnn Harrison's [color=#089c9 !important]website at UC Berkeley. This covers over 10,000 Venezuelan firms in the period 1976-1989 with an average of 4 waves of data per firm (41,000 observations). Variables include KLEM with two types of labour, plus a number of expenditures.

A working paper by Grid Thoma and co-authors entitled [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]'Methods and software for the harmonization and combination of datasets: A test based on IP-related data and accounting databases with a large panel of companies at the worldwide level'should be a great resource for anybody wanting to merge firm-level data for productivity analysis. [Thanks to [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Christian Helmers for pointing out this paper]

The Development Economics Research Group (DERG) at the Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen has (since 2001) been involved in several [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]enterprise surveys in Vietnam (SMEs) and Mozambique. The former has 3 waves since 2002 with the fourth (2009) one coming on-stream soon, the latter has 2002/2006 data.

CSAE has also recently started posting data for working papers it publishes (so far as this is possible vis-a-vis copyright protection). These include data for the papers of my buddies Courtney Monk ([color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]apprenticeship in Ghana), Simon Baptist ([color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]compares panel data for Ghanaian and Korean firms) and Simon Quinn ([color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Tanzanian labour market; panel).

Chris Woodruff (Warwick/UCSD) has links to firm-level manufacturing [color=#089c9 !important]data from Hanoi and Ho-Chi-Minh-City from the mid-1990s. Detailed documentation is provided. There is also data for manufacturing firms surveyed in five Eastern European countries, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.  

The NBER [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Patent Data Project has US patent data for 1976-2006 and there are also some firm-matches available in this database. Related to this the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) offers [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]WIPO Lex, a "one-stop search facility for national laws and treaties on intellectual property (IP) of WIPO, WTO and UN Members".

Conducted by the World Bank in January/February 2006 (covering 2005 but with some recall data for 2002) the [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]Indonesian Rural Investment Climate Survey (RICS) is an in-depth, quantitative survey of 2549 non-farm enterprises, 2782 households and 149 communities in 6 rural Kabupaten. The RIC Survey data provides the first representative snapshot of the investment climate in six different types of rural Kabupaten, allowing policymakers to identify and address the key constraints to investment and growth. Data is provided in SPSS and Stata format, together with full documentation. [Via Masa Kudamatsu at [color=rgb(0, 137, 201) !important]DEVECONDATA]

Eric Bartelsman(VU Amsterdam), John Haltiwanger (U Maryland) and Stefano Scarpetta (OECD) have created a unique[color=#089c9 !important]dataset for sectoral productivity and job flow analysis in a number of developing and emerging economies. "The job flow measures are available at a country, sector, size, and year level of observation and the productivity measures are available at a country, sector, year level of observation. As described in detail in the documentation, available measures include not just first moments but higher moments including measures of dispersion and covariances.  For example, the job flow measures permit decomposing net employment growth at a disaggregated level into job creation, job destruction as well as the contribution of entry and exit to job creation and job destruction. The data were produced from a series of projects funded by the OECD, the World Bank and other sources." The datasets and code (Stata, SAS) and detailed documentation are all downloadable in one zipped folder. Note: This is NOT firm-level data, but I felt it still fits under this headline since it is likely micro/labour economists will find this a useful resource.

Community-level dataMexico's Universidad de Guadalajara and Princeton University host the [color=#089c9 !important]Latin American Migration Project (LAMP), "which was created in 1982 by an interdisciplinary team of researchers to advance our understanding of the complex processes of international migration and immigration to the United States." The researchers have conducted surveys in Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Perú and Puerto Rico, each time in various communities. There's a wealth of information on the website, including survey design, questionnaires, etc. The data is available in SAS, SPSS and Stata format for all country studies.



The Mexican Family Life Survey ([color=#089c9 !important]MxFLS) is a multi-thematic and longitudinal database which collects, with a single scientific tool, a wide range of information on socioeconomic indicators, demographics and health indicators on the Mexican population. MxFLS is the first Mexican survey with national representation departing from a longitudinal design, tracking the Mexican population for long periods of time regardless of migration decisions with the objective of studying the dynamics of economy, demographics, epidemiology, and population migration throughout this panel study of at least, a 10-year span. The data can be downloaded in Stata format.