发帖
雷达卡
英文文献：Why Was Australia So Rich?-为什么澳大利亚如此富有?
英文文献作者：Ian W. McLean
英文文献摘要：
Between 1870 and 1890 Australian incomes per capita were 40 percent or more above those in the United States. About half this gap is attributable to Australia's higher labor input per capita, and half to its higher labor productivity. The higher labor input is due in part to favorable demographic attributes stemming especially from the gold rush era, and partly to a favorable workforce participation rate. The higher labor productivity appears to result from an advantageous natural resource endowment. By 1914 the income lead over the U.S. had all but disappeared. This is ascribed to declines in Australia's advantages both in labor input per capita and in labor productivity. It is argued that these declines are due neither to the effects of the 1890s depression, nor to changes in trade policy, but to the transitory or unsustainable nature of Australia's earlier sources of income advantage.
1870年至1890年间，澳大利亚的人均收入比美国高出40%或更多。这一差距一半归因于澳大利亚较高的人均劳动投入，一半归因于其较高的劳动生产率。较高的劳动力投入，部分是由于有利的人口统计属性，尤其是来自淘金热时代，部分是由于有利的劳动力参与率。较高的劳动生产率似乎是由于优越的自然资源禀赋。到1914年，美国在收入方面的领先优势几乎消失殆尽。这是因为澳大利亚在人均劳动投入和劳动生产率方面的优势都有所下降。有人认为，这些下降既不是由于19世纪90年代大萧条的影响，也不是由于贸易政策的变化，而是由于澳大利亚早期的收入优势来源的暂时性或不可持续的性质。
京公网安备 11010802022788号
