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这是楼主2011年春写的关于统计学发展史的总结，当时是一份每周写作的作业。楼主现在和大家分享一下。文献引用格式用的是 APA。这篇短文写的很简洁，因为当时只有还有别的课程作业要写，这个不是最重要的。对于划斜线的短语一般是对杂志或网站的资源引用；此外，文章最后也有提供文献资源的引用链接。 这个链接只有当时有效，如果以后看，要自己到那个引用资源的网站上搜索。
APA Style: History of Statistics between 1800’s and 2000’s
As technology improves, the science of statistics also has been developing over time. There are three major changes that have been made in the types of publications in the Journals of the American Statistical Association from the late 1800’s through the 2000’s.
The first change was made between the1880’s and the 1910’s. During that period, most papers in the Publications of the American Statistical Association had no abstract or any type of summary, so the audience could hardly know the brief of a paper without reading the entire paper. Most papers’ authors primarily used mathematical tools to analyze the issues in many fields, such as finance and politics, but statistics did not have theorems based on the discipline itself.
The second change started in the 1920’s and ended in the 1940’s. In this period, many papers in the Journal of the American Statistical Association started to build their own theories, such as time series, to find trends and work out historical problems. Some of the papers introduced how to use statistics to solve inequality issues in income distribution, measure the progress of work in the Census Bureau, and analyze the economic loss of World War II. Others estimated people’s unemployment and mortality by using sampling distributions. The hypothesis tests were also introduced in psychology experiments during the late 1920’s.
The last change was made since the 1940’s when different analysis methods were introduced. For instance, analysis of variance was often being used in the 1950s to help interpret statistical phenomenon. Especially in the 1980s, Bayesian methods were frequently used in many papers to analyze probability. Another method called Markow chain Monte Carlo was also introduced in that period to assist in working out many mathematical problems.
In short, since the 1800’s, statistics has developed into a unique discipline and has lots of its own theorems to do data analysis for scientists in many fields.
References:
JSTOR. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2005. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=jamerstatasso.
JSTOR. Publications of the American Statistical Association. 1920. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=publamerstatasso.
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