Global Shadow Banking Monitoring Report 2013--p48
Global Shadow Banking Monitoring Report 2013.pdf
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14 November 2013
The shadow banking system can broadly be described as "credit intermediation involving entities and activities (fully or partially) outside the regular banking system" or non-bank credit intermediation in short. Earlier this year, the FSB published policy recommendations to strengthen oversight and regulation of shadow banking. The objective is to address bank-like risks to financial stability emerging outside the regular banking system while not inhibiting sustainable non-bank financing models that do not pose such risks.
The FSB set out a monitoring framework for the shadow banking system in its report to the G20 in October 2011. Based on this framework, the FSB published the results of its third annual monitoring exercise in November 2013 using end-2012 data. The report includes data from 25 jurisdictions and the euro area as a whole, bringing the coverage of the monitoring exercise to about 80% of global GDP and 90% of global financial system assets.
The exercise was conducted by the FSB Analytical Group on Vulnerabilities (AGV), the technical working group of the FSB Standing Committee on Assessment of Vulnerabilities (SCAV), using quantitative and qualitative information, and followed a similar methodology to that used for the 2012 report . Its primary focus is on a "macro-mapping" based on national Flow of Funds and Sector Balance Sheet data (hereafter Flow of Funds), that looks at all non-bank financial intermediation to ensure that data gathering and surveillance cover the areas where shadow banking-related risks to the financial system might potentially arise.
(FSB)最新数据显示,
中国影子银行规模去年扩张了42%;受到中国影子银行规模大幅扩张的推动,全球“影子银行”规模去年增长5万亿美元,至71万亿美元。影子银行系统属于监管宽松的金融领域,主要从事于类似银行借贷的活动。影子银行系统包括回购市场、证券借贷、房地产、对冲基金、货币市场基金和证券化等。
在2007-2009年全球金融危机中,影子银行扮演了重要角色,也因此留下了不好的名声。但是,现在的情况有所改变。在银行修复资产负债表之际,
影子银行成为企业和家庭融资的替代选择,也支撑了经济增长。
但是,政策制定者也担忧,随着银行面对越来越严厉的监管,它的一些高风险业务可能会转移至影子银行部门。
FSB的这份报告给监管者提供了统计基础,以便于他们制定出全球影子银行系统管理的新规则。
全球影子银行的规模为71万亿美元,其中美国占26万亿,占比37%;欧元区、英国和日本分别占22万亿美元,9万亿和4万亿美元。影子银行占全球整体金融资产的1/4,相当于银行业资产的1/2。
FSB表示,
中国、阿根廷、印度和南非等四个新兴市场的影子银行规模增幅均超过20%。这显示,
虽然这些国家的金融基础薄弱,但是它们的金融系统正逐渐深化。
尽管中国是全球第二大经济体,但是其影子银行的规模却仅占全球总规模的3%。
FSB指出,
小型企业通过非银行渠道获得的融资规模有所攀升,与之相关的潜在风险需要密切监管。
FSB主席兼英国央行行长卡尼称:“在影子银行方面,我们的目标是提高它的透明度,使融资更加符合市场规律。这样一来,它才能以可持续的方式为经济提供融资。”
卡尼还称:“FSB将继续增加全球监管的活动,以识别影子银行使用杠杆等带来的金融稳定性风险。”