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英文文献：The Long-Term Effect of Childhood Poverty-儿童贫困的长期影响
英文文献作者：Rune V. Lesner
英文文献摘要：
This paper uses variation among siblings to identify the effect of childhood poverty on long-term outcomes such as income, earnings, job type, employment, and having children. Childhood poverty is found to have large negative effects on labour market outcome and small effects on non-labour market outcomes. The marginal effect of one additional year of childhood poverty from the age of 13 to 15 is found to decrease the disposable income of the individual by 6.4% around the age of 30. The effect size is found to have an inverse u-shape in the age of the child, peaking in the early teens, but with a notable spike at the year of birth. The effect is not found to be accentuated by other shocks to the household, such as divorce, parental job loss, or relocation. Yet, a social gradient is detected, where children from low educated parents are harmed more than others.
本文利用兄弟姐妹之间的差异来确定童年贫困对长期结果的影响，如收入、收入、工作类型、就业和生育子女。研究发现，儿童贫困对劳动力市场结果有很大的负面影响，而对非劳动力市场结果的影响很小。研究发现，13岁至15岁儿童多受一年贫困的边际效应，会使30岁左右的个人可支配收入减少6.4%。研究发现，效应值在孩子的年龄呈反u形，在十几岁时达到峰值，但在出生那年出现显著峰值。对家庭的其他冲击，如离婚、父母失业或搬迁，都不会加重这种影响。然而，我们发现了一种社会梯度，父母受教育程度低的孩子受到的伤害更大。
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