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英文文献：Gender Equality as an Enforcer of Individuals’ Choice between Education and Fertility: Evidence from 19th Century France-性别平等作为个人在教育和生育之间选择的执行者:来自19世纪法国的证据
英文文献作者：Claude Diebolt,Tapas Mishra,Faustine Perrin
英文文献摘要：
Recent theoretical developments of growth models, especially on unified theories of growth, suggest that the child quantity-quality trade-off has been a central element of the transition from Malthusian stagnation to sustained growth. Using a unique census-based dataset, this article explores the role of gender on the trade-off between education and fertility across 86 French counties during the nineteenth century, as an empirical extension of Diebolt and Perrin (2013, 2019a). We first test the existence of the child quantity-quality trade-off in 1851. Second, we explore the long-run effect of education on fertility from a gendered approach. Two important results emerge: (i) significant and negative association between education and fertility is found, and (ii) such a relationship is non-uniform over the distribution of education/fertility. While our results suggest the existence of a negative and significant effect of the female endowments in human capital on the fertility transition, the effects of negative endowment almost disappear at a low level of fertility.
最近关于生长模型的理论发展，特别是关于生长的统一理论，表明儿童数量和质量的权衡是从马尔萨斯停滞向持续增长过渡的核心要素。利用一个独特的人口普查数据集，本文探讨了19世纪法国86个县的教育和生育率之间的权衡中性别的作用，作为Diebolt和Perrin (2013, 2019a)的经验扩展。1851年，我们首次检验了儿童数量与质量之间是否存在取舍。其次，我们从性别的角度探讨教育对生育的长期影响。出现了两个重要的结果:发现教育和生育率之间存在显著的负相关性;这种关系在教育/生育率的分布上不均匀。虽然我们的研究结果表明女性人力资本禀赋对生育转型存在显著的负向影响，但负向影响在低生育水平时几乎消失。
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