Education, Lifelong learning, Inequality and Financial access: Evidence fro...

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英文文献：Education, Lifelong learning, Inequality and Financial access: Evidence from African countries-教育、终身学习、不平等和金融机会:来自非洲国家的证据
英文文献作者：Vanessa S. Tchamyou
英文文献摘要：
This study investigates the role of financial access in modulating the effect of education and lifelong learning on inequality in 48 African countries for the period 1996 to 2014. Lifelong learning is conceived and measured as the combined knowledge gained from primary through tertiary education while the three educational indicators are: primary school enrolment; secondary school enrolment and tertiary school enrolment. Financial development dynamics are measured with financial system deposits (liquid liabilities), financial system activity (credit) and financial system efficiency (deposits/credit). Three measures of inequality are employed notably: the Gini coefficient; the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. The estimation strategy is based on Generalised Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, primary school enrolment interacts with all financial channels to exert negative effects on the Gini index. Second, lifelong learning has negative net effects on the Gini index through financial deposit and efficiency channels. Third, for the most part, the other educational levels do not significantly influence inequality through financial access channels. Policy implications are discussed.

本研究调查了从1996年到2014年，在48个非洲国家中，金融准入在调节教育和终身学习对不平等的影响方面的作用。终身学习的概念和衡量标准是小学至高等教育的综合知识，三个教育指标分别为:小学入学率;中学入学率和大学入学率。金融发展动态通过金融系统存款(流动负债)、金融系统活动(信贷)和金融系统效率(存款/信贷)来衡量。有三个衡量不平等的指标被显著采用:基尼系数;阿特金森指数和帕尔马比率。估计策略采用广义矩法。下面的发现是确定的。第一，小学入学率与各金融渠道相互作用，对基尼系数产生负面影响。第二，终身学习通过金融存款和效率渠道对基尼系数产生负净影响。第三，在很大程度上，其他教育水平通过金融获取渠道对不平等的影响并不显著。讨论了政策含义。

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