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PDF published at 2011
Statistical Methods for Trend Detection and Analysis in the Environmental Sciences
Richard E. Chandler
Department of Statistical Science, University College London, UK
E. Marian Scott
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, UK
Contents
Preface
xi
Contributing authors
Part I
METHODOLOGY
xiii
1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 What is a trend? 4
1.2 Why analyse trends? 5
1.3 Some simple examples 6
1.3.1 Dutch wind speeds 6
1.3.2 North Sea haddock stocks 8
1.3.3 Alkalinity in the Round Loch of Glenhead 10
1.3.4 Atmospheric ozone in eastern England 12
1.4 Considerations and difficulties 14
1.4.1 Autocorrelation 14
1.4.2 Effect of other variables 15
1.4.3 Lack of designed experiments 15
1.4.4 Consideration of auxiliary information 16
1.4.5 The necessity of extrapolation 17
1.5 Scope of the book 19
1.6 Further reading 20
References 21
2 Exploratory analysis
2.1 Data visualisation
2.1.1 Time series plots
2.1.2 Boxplots
2.1.3 The autocorrelation function
2.1.4 Irregularly spaced data – the variogram
2.1.5 Relationships between variables
2.2 Simple smoothing
2.2.1 Moving averages
2.2.2 Local polynomial fitting
2.2.3 Further considerations
Statistics in Practice_ Statistical Methods for Trend Detectionand Analysis in t.pdf
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