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英文文献：Land issues and policies Compulsory acquisition and Urban Land Delivery in Customry Areas-土地问题和政策海关地区的强制性征用和城市土地交付
英文文献作者：Emmanuel Offei Akrofi,Jennifer Whittal
英文文献摘要：
Most land in Ghana is held by communities under customary tenure. Government owns only about 20% of land in the country, most of this land having been acquired through a legal process of compulsory acquisition. Compulsory acquisition by the Government extinguishes all proprietary and jurisdictional rights, titles, or other interests vested in the stool (traditional authority) or any other person. Among other things, compulsory acquisition aims to provide land for public purposes, to correct economic and social inefficiencies in the use of land and also to deliver on broader goals of social justice and equity in the land sector through the redistribution of land. Most compulsory acquisition laws make provision for prompt payment of adequate compensation for those who are dispossessed. However, there has been recent public outcry against compulsory acquisition in Ghana (Kasanga & Kotey, 2001; Larbi, Antwi, & Olomolaiye, 2004; Myjoyonline, 2012b; Myjoyonline, 2011; Myjoyonline, 2012). This paper adopts the case study research method to research and analyse cases of compulsory acquisition and to assess the consequences of this process on urban land delivery. The chosen cases are situated in Tema and Kumasi, in Ghana. The study seeks to understand why the affected communities have recently used a variety of tactics to re-occupy land that was acquired from them through compulsory acquisition many years ago. The paper concludes that a review of the general policy on compulsory acquisition is indicated while the issue of the payment of compensation requires further detailed investigation.
加纳的大部分土地是由社区按照习惯保有的。政府仅拥有全国约20%的土地，其中大部分是通过法律程序强制征用的。由政府强制取得的所有所有权和司法权、头衔或凳子(传统权威机构)或任何其他人授予的其他利益。除其他外，强制征用的目的是为公共目的提供土地，纠正土地使用方面的经济和社会效率低下，并通过重新分配土地实现土地部门社会正义和公平的更广泛目标。大多数强制性取得法都规定对被剥夺财产的人立即支付适当的赔偿。然而，最近在加纳出现了公众对强制收购的强烈抗议(Kasanga & Kotey, 2001;Larbi, Antwi， & Olomolaiye, 2004;Myjoyonline, 2012 b;Myjoyonline, 2011;Myjoyonline, 2012)。本文采用案例研究法，对强制征用的案例进行研究和分析，并对强制征用过程对城市土地交付的影响进行评估。被选中的案例位于加纳的特马和库马西。这项研究试图了解为什么受影响的社区最近使用各种策略重新占领多年前通过强制征用从他们手中获得的土地。本文认为，应当对强制取得的一般政策进行审查，而赔偿的支付问题需要进一步深入研究。
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