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英文文献：A Century Of Contested Ownership: Land Tenure In Alexandra, South Africa 1912 - 201-一个世纪的所有权争议:亚历山德拉的土地使用权，南非1912 - 201
英文文献作者：G. Hooghiemstra,C. E. Cloete
英文文献摘要：
PURPOSE OF THE PAPER: Alexandra was proclaimed in 1912 as the first formal township in South Africa where blacks could obtain ownership. Over the past century, a number of watershed changes in layout and ownership have taken place, most notably the promulgation of the 1913 Land Act that prohibited the proclamation of land for black ownership and a series of expropria-tions, resulting from apartheid policies, that took place from 1950 onwards, culminating in a con-solidation in 1985 that led to further expropriations.In 2011, former land owners established land claims based upon the pre-1985 map. These claims were complicated by the fact that a number of residents had received legal right of owner-ship after the consolidation, while a number of new residents had moved to Alexandra since 1985.Investigation of the validity of the claims required a comprehensive study of the change of owner-ship from the original proclamation (1912) to the situation in 2011.METHODOLOGY. An analysis of current and historical development and management of Alexandra is provided, supplemented by a visual overview of the changing patterns of ownership and densi-fication. The present status of land claims and their legal implications is summarized and a reliable estimate of the present population of Alexandra is provided.FINDINGS: The total population as determined by this study is more than 60 per cent more than the formal 2011 census estimate, resulting in a density of more than 44 400 persons per hectare. It was also found that Occupiers on one stand can have different kind of rights. However, ade-quate documentation has been assembled to drive the process of land tenure upgrading.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The higher than previously estimated population density has severe im-plications - physical as well as political - for future planning of this vibrant area, as it is adjacent to Sandton, the financial capital of Southern Africa, it is situated on prime land within one of the key growth areas of Johannesburg, and it is bordered by key roads and highways. The importance of a reliable estimate of the ownership of property in Alexandra becomes even more apparent when the implications of the Restitution Act (Restitution of Land Rights Act No. 22 of 1994) are consid-ered.
这份文件的目的:亚历山德拉在1912年被宣布为南非第一个黑人可以获得所有权的正式城镇。过去一个世纪,许多流域布局和所有权发生变化,尤其是1913年土地法案的颁布的公告禁止黑人用地所有权和一系列expropria-tions,造成种族隔离政策,从1950年开始,发生在1985年最终行骗固化,导致进一步的征收。2011年，前土地所有者根据1985年以前的地图确立了土地主张。由于一些居民在合并后获得了合法的所有权，而一些新居民自1985年以来已搬到亚历山德拉，这些索赔要求变得复杂起来。调查索赔的有效性需要一个全面的研究所有权从最初的公告(1912)到2011年的情况。本文对亚历山德拉的当前和历史发展和管理进行了分析，并对所有权和密度变化的模式进行了视觉概述。本报告总结了土地要求权的现状及其法律影响，并对亚历山德拉目前的人口提供了可靠的估计。调查结果:这项研究确定的人口总数比2011年的正式人口普查估计数字高出60%以上，因此人口密度超过每公顷44 400人。人们还发现，站在一个立场上的占领者可以享有不同的权利。然而，为了推动土地保有权的升级，已经收集了相关的文件。实际意义:人口密度高于之前的估计严重im-plications -物理以及政治未来规划的充满活力的区域,毗邻桑顿,南部非洲的金融资本,它坐落在'土地在约翰内斯堡的关键增长领域之一,和接壤关键道路和高速公路。当考虑到《归还法》(1994年第22号《土地权利归还法》)的影响时，对亚历山德拉的财产所有权进行可靠估计的重要性就更加明显了。
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