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英文文献：An Analysis Of Factors That Affect Housing Affordability In Developing, Emerging And Developed Countries-发展中国家、新兴国家和发达国家住房负担能力的影响因素分析
英文文献作者：Egino Millanzi
英文文献摘要：
Research in housing affordability is increasing worldwide. Housing affordability is viewed as severe housing problem which affect household’s ability to meet housing costs without imposing excessive constraints on non-housing consumption. Housing affordability problem has become acute in a large number of housing markets across the nations. Housing expenditures have caused many households, both renters and owner-occupants, to reduce their expenditures for food, clothing, health care, education, and other human capital investments. The disparity between housing expenditures and income has led some households to incur additional debt to pay for essential housing expenses and it is quite troubling when housing costs reduce non- housing consumption to a level lower than the minimum subsistence level, as widely accepted. This paper seeks to analyse the factors affecting housing affordability in developed, emerging and developing countries. Thirteen (13) journals papers on housing affordability and finance are reviewed to provides an overview of the factors affecting housing affordability.The findings reveal that there are three major factors affecting housing affordability including household attributes 57%, housing attributes 10% and macroeconomic variables 33%. Each major factor consists of several individual elements with different scores and weights. Household attributes consisting of income scoring 62%, household size 62%, age 62%, occupation 54%, stage in life cycle 46% and migration status scoring 15%. Housing attributes consisting of location 8%, house type 23%, quality of house 8%, cost of land 8% and size of house 8%. Macroeconomic variables consisting of mortgage rates scored 62%, subsidies 54%, inflation rate 38%. This suggest that households attribute (57%) is the most important major factor while income 62%, age 62%, household size 62% and mortgage rates 62% are important individual elements.This paper contributes to housing affordability debates by generating knowledge on important factors affecting housing affordability and influence policy changes in housing and macroeconomic policies.
世界各地对住房负担能力的研究正在增加。住房负担能力被视为严重的住房问题，它影响家庭在不过度限制非住房消费的情况下满足住房成本的能力。住房负担能力问题在全国许多房地产市场已经变得很严重。住房支出导致许多家庭，包括租客和业主居住者，减少了他们在食品、服装、保健、教育和其他人力资本投资方面的支出。住房支出与收入的不平衡导致一些家庭为支付基本住房费用而追加债务，而住房成本将非住房消费降低到普遍公认的最低生活保障水平，这是相当令人不安的。本文试图分析影响住房负担能力的因素在发达国家，新兴国家和发展中国家。对13篇有关住房负担能力和金融的期刊论文进行了综述，从而对影响住房负担能力的因素进行了概述。结果表明，影响住房负担能力的主要因素有三个:家庭属性占57%，住房属性占10%，宏观经济变量占33%。每个主要因素都由几个具有不同分数和权重的独立元素组成。家庭属性包括收入得分为62%，家庭规模为62%，年龄为62%，职业为54%，生命周期阶段为46%，迁移状态为15%。房屋属性包括地段占8%，房屋类型占23%，房屋质量占8%，土地成本占8%，房屋面积占8%。包括抵押贷款利率、补贴率和通胀率在内的宏观经济变量得分为62%、54%和38%。这表明，家庭属性(57%)是最重要的主要因素，而收入62%，年龄62%，家庭规模62%和抵押贷款利率62%是重要的个人因素。本文通过对影响住房负担能力的重要因素的认识，以及对住房政策变化和宏观经济政策的影响，为住房负担能力的辩论做出贡献。
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