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英文文献：Short- and Long-Term Effects of Adolescent Alcohol Access: Evidence from Denmark-青少年获得酒精的短期和长期影响:来自丹麦的证据
英文文献作者：Nabanita Datta Gupta,Anton Nielsson
英文文献摘要：
We exploit changes in minimum legal alcohol purchasing ages in Denmark to estimate effects on health, as well as on human capital formation. In contrast to previous literature on minimum legal drinking ages, we do not only consider outcomes in the short run, but also several years down the road. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we bring comprehensive evidence on the effects of three reforms, which affected alcohol availability along different margins – 1) establishing an off-premise alcohol purchase age of 15 (1998), 2) raising the off-premise alcohol purchase age to 16 (2004), and 3) increasing the purchase age of beverages exceeding 16.5% in alcohol content from 16 to 18 (2011). Our findings show significant impacts on injuries in both the short and long run. Effects on rarer outcomes (alcohol poisonings and intoxications, and mortality) are mostly insignificant, and there is no clear evidence that educational attainment would be affected.
我们利用丹麦最低合法饮酒购买年龄的变化来估计对健康的影响，以及对人力资本形成的影响。与之前关于最低合法饮酒年龄的文献相比，我们不仅考虑短期的结果，还考虑几年之后的结果。雇佣法的方法,我们将综合证据三个改革的影响,影响酒精的可用性在不同的利润率——1)建立一个备用酒精购买15岁(1998),2)备用酒精购买年龄提高到16(2004),和3)增加饮料酒精含量超过16.5%的购买年龄从16到18(2011)。我们的研究结果显示，无论是在短期还是长期，跑步对受伤都有显著的影响。对较为罕见的结果(酒精中毒和中毒，以及死亡率)的影响大多微不足道，而且没有明确证据表明教育程度会受到影响。
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