Foreign aid volatility and lifelong learning: demand-side empirics to a tex...

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英文文献：Foreign aid volatility and lifelong learning: demand-side empirics to a textual literature-外援的波动与终身学习:从需求面经验到文本文献
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Jacinta C. Nwachukwu
英文文献摘要：
Purpose- This paper has put a demand-side empirical structure to the hypothesis that foreign aid volatility adversely affects choices to lifelong learning in recipient countries Design/methodology/approach- Lifelong learning is measured as the combined knowledge acquired during primary, secondary and tertiary educational enrolments. Three types of aggregate foreign aid volatilities are computed in a twofold manner: baseline standard deviations and standard errors (standard deviations of residuals after first-order autoregressive processes). An endogeneity robust dynamic system GMM empirical strategy is employed. Findings- The findings broadly show that foreign aid volatility does not adversely affect the demand-side choices of lifelong learning in Africa. Practical implications- As a policy implication, when faced with aid uncertainty, the demand for education would increase. This may be explained by the need for more self-reliance in order to mitigate income risks or/and the use of education as means of copping with uncertainty. Moreover, the findings indirectly confirm a stream of the literature sustaining that when faced with uncertainty in external financial flows, countries may recourse to promoting human resource development through lifelong learning and knowledge economy as a competitive advantage. This may also explain why countries which have acknowledged scarcity in external financial flows from natural resources have done relatively better compared to their natural resource-rich counterparts. Originality/value- This paper has provided demand-side empirics to a hypothesis that could substantial influence policy making.

设计/方法/方法——终生学习是衡量在小学、中学和高等教育注册期间所获得的综合知识。三种类型的综合外援波动率以两种方式计算:基线标准差和标准误差(一阶自回归过程后残差的标准差)。采用了内生性鲁棒动态系统GMM经验策略。研究结果——研究结果广泛地表明，外国援助的波动不会对非洲终生学习的需求方选择产生负面影响。实际影响——作为一项政策影响，当面临援助的不确定性时，对教育的需求将会增加。这可能是由于需要更多的自力更生，以减轻收入风险或/和利用教育作为应付不确定性的手段。此外，研究结果间接证实了一系列文献的观点，即当面临外部资金流动的不确定性时，国家可以通过终身学习和知识经济来促进人力资源开发，作为一种竞争优势。这也可以解释为什么承认来自自然资源的外部资金流动稀少的国家比自然资源丰富的国家表现相对较好。创意/价值——这篇论文为一个可能对政策制定产生实质性影响的假设提供了需求方面的经验。

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