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英文文献：Comparative human development thresholds for absolute and relative pro-poor mobile banking in developing countries-发展中国家绝对和相对有利于穷人的流动银行的比较人类发展门槛
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Jacinta C. Nwachukwu
英文文献摘要：
We assess the correlations between mobile banking and inclusive development (poverty and inequality) in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails: ‘mobile phones used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile phones used to receive/send money’, while the modifying policy indicator is the human development index (HDI). The data is decomposed into seven sub-panels based on two fundamental characteristics, namely: regions (Latin America, Asia and Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, and Middle East and North Africa) and income levels (upper middle income, lower middle income and low income). Our results show that at certain thresholds of the HDI, mobile banking is positively linked to inclusive development. The following specific findings are established. First, the increased use of mobile phones to pay bills is negatively correlated with: (i) poverty in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) and Latin American countries (LA), respectively at HDI thresholds of 0.725, 0.727 and 0.778 and; (ii) inequality in UMIC and LA with HDI thresholds of respectively 0.646 and 0.761. Second, the increased use of mobile phones to send/receive money is negatively correlated with: (i) poverty in LMIC, UMIC and Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) with corresponding HDI thresholds of 0.631, 0.750 and 0.750 and (ii) inequality in UMIC, CEE and LA at HDI thresholds of 0.665, 0.736 and 0.726 respectively. The findings are discussed in the light of current policy challenges in the transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals. We have exploited the only macroeconomic data on mobile banking currently available.

我们评估了93个发展中国家2011年移动银行与包容性发展(贫困和不平等)之间的相关性。手机银行需要:“手机用来支付账单”和“手机用来收/寄钱”，而修改后的政策指标是人类发展指数(HDI)。根据两个基本特征，即地区(拉丁美洲、亚太地区、中欧和东欧、中东和北非)和收入水平(中上收入、中下收入和低收入)，将数据分解为七个子面板。我们的结果显示，在人类发展指数的某些门槛上，手机银行与包容性发展有着积极的联系。确定了以下具体发现。首先，使用移动电话支付账单的增加与以下因素负相关:(i)低收入国家(LMIC)、中高收入国家(UMIC)和拉丁美洲国家(LA)的贫困水平分别为0.725、0.727和0.778;(ii) UMIC和LA的不等式，HDI阈值分别为0.646和0.761。第二,增加使用手机发送/接收钱是负相关:(i)在LMIC贫困,UMIC和中欧和东欧国家(中东欧)相应的人类发展指数阈值为0.631,0.750和0.750在UMIC和(2)不平等,中东欧和拉在人类发展指数阈值为0.665,0.736和0.726。根据从千年发展目标过渡到可持续发展目标的当前政策挑战，讨论了这些发现。我们利用了目前唯一可用的手机银行宏观经济数据。

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