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英文文献：Mobile Phone Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa-撒哈拉以南非洲的手机创新和创业
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Nicholas Biekpe
英文文献摘要：
This study assesses how knowledge diffusion modulates the effect of the mobile phone on entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa with data for the period 2000-2012.The empirical evidence is based on interactive Generalised Method of Moments in which mobile phones are interacted with three knowledge diffusion variables, namely: education, internet penetration and scientific output. Ten variables of entrepreneurship are used. The following three main findings are established. First, the net effects from interacting mobile phones with the internet and scientific publications are negative whereas the corresponding net impact from the interaction between mobile phones and education is positive on the cost of doing business. Second, the mobile phone interacts with education (the internet) to have a positive (negative) net effect on the time needed to construct a warehouse whereas, the corresponding interaction with the internet yields a net negative effect on the time to enforce a contract. Third, there is a positive net effect from the interaction of mobile phones with education on the time to start a business. Given the construction of the education variable, the positive net effects from education are consistent with corresponding negative net effects from the other knowledge diffusion variables. The main policy implication is that mobile phone innovation (by means of internet penetration, scientific output and quality education) decreases constraints of entrepreneurship. Suggestions on how to boost these knowledge diffusion channels are discussed. Other practical and theoretical implications are also covered. To the best our knowledge, this is the first inquiry to assess the relevance of mobile phone innovation in entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa.
本研究利用2000-2012年期间的数据评估了知识扩散如何调节移动电话对撒哈拉以南非洲地区创业的影响。实证依据的是手机与教育、互联网普及率和科学产出这三个知识扩散变量交互时刻的交互概化方法。使用了创业精神的十个变量。以下三个主要发现被证实。首先，手机与互联网和科学出版物互动的净影响是负面的，而相应的手机与教育互动的净影响是积极的营商成本。第二，手机与教育(互联网)互动对建设仓库所需的时间产生正(负)净影响，而相应的与互联网互动对执行合同的时间产生净负面影响。第三，手机与教育在创业时间上的互动具有积极的净效应。考虑到教育变量的构建，教育产生的正净效应与其他知识扩散变量产生的负净效应相一致。主要的政策含义是，手机创新(通过互联网普及、科技产出和素质教育)减少了创业的约束。并对如何加强这些知识传播渠道提出了建议。还包括其他实际和理论意义。据我们所知，这是第一次评估移动电话创新对撒哈拉以南非洲企业家精神的相关性的调查。
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