Openness, ICT and Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa-撒哈拉以南非洲的开放、信息和通信技术和创业精神

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英文文献：Openness, ICT and Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa-撒哈拉以南非洲的开放、信息和通信技术和创业精神
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Jacinta C. Nwachukwu
英文文献摘要：
This study has examined how information and communication technology (ICT) influences openness to improve the conditions of doing business in sub-Saharan Africa. The data is for the period 2000-2012. ICT is proxied with Internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas openness is measured in terms of financial and trade globalisation. Ten indicators of doing business are used, namely: (i) cost of business start-up procedures; (ii) procedure to enforce a contract; (iii) start-up procedures to register a business; (iv) time required to build a warehouse; (v) time required to enforce a contract; (vi) time required to register a property; (vii) time required to start a business; (viii) time to export; (ix) time to prepare and pay taxes and (x) time to resolve an insolvency. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments with forward orthogonal deviations. While we find substantial evidence that ICT complements openness to improve conditions for entrepreneurship, the effects are contingent on the dynamics of openness, ICT and entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed. The inquiry is based on two contemporary development concerns: the need for policy to leverage on the ICT penetration potential in the sub-region and the relevance of entrepreneurship in addressing associated issues of population growth such as unemployment.

本研究考察了信息和通信技术(ICT)如何影响开放以改善撒哈拉以南非洲地区的营商条件。数据为2000-2012年。信息和通信技术依靠互联网和移动电话普及率，而开放程度则以金融和贸易全球化程度来衡量。采用了营商环境的十项指标，即:(一)开办企业程序的成本;(ii)执行合同的程序;(三)办理开业登记手续;(四)建造仓库所需的时间;(五)执行合同所需的时间;(vi)注册物业所需的时间;(七)开办企业所需时间;(八)出口时间;(ix)准备和支付税款的时间以及(x)解决破产问题的时间。经验证据是基于正正交偏差矩的一般方法。虽然我们发现大量证据表明，信息和通信技术可以补充开放以改善创业条件，但其效果取决于开放、信息和通信技术和创业的动态。讨论了理论和实际的政策含义。调查基于两个当代的发展问题:政策需要利用次区域的信息和通信技术渗透潜力，以及企业家精神在解决失业等人口增长相关问题方面的重要性。

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