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雷达卡
2008年版本，共291页
Basics
Introduction........................................................................................................... 1
Data analysis steps ................................................................................................ 3
Kinds of biological variables ................................................................................ 6
Probability........................................................................................................... 11
Hypothesis testing............................................................................................... 13
Random sampling ............................................................................................... 18
Tests for nominal variables
Exact binomial test.............................................................................................. 21
Power analysis .................................................................................................... 29
Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit....................................................................... 34
G-test of goodness-of-fit ..................................................................................... 41
Randomization test of goodness-of-fit................................................................ 47
Chi-square test of independence ......................................................................... 52
G-test of independence ....................................................................................... 58
Fisher's exact test ................................................................................................ 64
Randomization test of independence .................................................................. 69
Small numbers in chi-square and G-tests............................................................ 73
Repeated G-tests of goodness-of-fit.................................................................... 77
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test............................................................................ 81
Descriptive statistics
Central tendency ................................................................................................. 88
Dispersion ........................................................................................................... 95
Standard error...................................................................................................... 99
Confidence limits .............................................................................................. 104
Tests for one measurement variable
Student's t-test ................................................................................................... 110
Introduction to one-way anova ......................................................................... 115
Contents
i
Model I vs. Model II anova............................................................................... 119
Testing homogeneity of means ......................................................................... 122
Planned comparisons among means ................................................................. 128
Unplanned comparisons among means............................................................. 132
Estimating added variance components............................................................ 137
Normality .......................................................................................................... 141
Homoscedasticity.............................................................................................. 145
Data transformations......................................................................................... 148
Kruskal-Wallis test............................................................................................ 153
Nested anova..................................................................................................... 161
Two-way anova................................................................................................. 169
Paired t-test ....................................................................................................... 176
Wilcoxon signed-rank test ................................................................................ 181
Sign test............................................................................................................. 185
Tests for multiple measurement variables
Linear regression and correlation...................................................................... 190
Spearman rank correlation ................................................................................ 202
Polynomial regression....................................................................................... 205
Analysis of covariance...................................................................................... 211
Multiple regression ........................................................................................... 217
Logistic regression ............................................................................................ 224
Multiple tests
Multiple comparisons........................................................................................ 233
Meta-analysis .................................................................................................... 237
Miscellany
Using spreadsheets for statistics ....................................................................... 242
Displaying results in graphs: Excel................................................................... 250
Displaying results in graphs: Calc .................................................................... 261
Displaying results in tables ............................................................................... 271
Introduction to SAS .......................................................................................... 274
Choosing the right test ...................................................................................... 282
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