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英文文献：Introducing Severance Payment Systems in Japan ——A Proposal for Vacancy Decontrol——-在日本引入遣散费支付系统——这是一项旨在消除空缺的提议
英文文献作者：Hatta, Tatsuo
英文文献摘要：
In Japan, the court requires job restoration rather than a severance payment from a firm after it decides that a dismissal has been abusive. This results in a high settlement cost for termination. This paper makes two proposals for introducing severance payments to reduce settlement costs in Japan. The first applies to existing contracts and proposes to specify levels of severance payments that would replace the current job restoration requirement after the court determines that a case is abusive. The second applies to new employees either for a recently vacated position or a new position and proposes vacancy decontrol, which allows firms to set the levels of severance payments freely while also honoring the existing contracts. Within this category, this paper proposes government-assisted vacancy decontrol, a transitional measure, where the government sets a minimum level of statutory severance payment, which is equal to six months of wages for a worker who has worked for 20 years, following the Taiwan precedent. After the need for the transitional measure is dissolved, complete vacancy decontrol should be introduced, abolishing the statutory severance payment. We have proposed that even at this stage, the government should publicly set a default level of the severance payment, which a firm should observe unless an explicit agreement or contract stipulates otherwise. The government should immediately introduce some form of vacancy decontrol for senior workers who have already retired from a regular job.
在日本，法院在裁定公司的解雇行为是滥用职权后，要求公司恢复工作，而不是支付遣散费。这导致了高额的终止结算费用。本文提出了在日本引入遣散费以降低安置成本的两种建议。第一种方法适用于现有的合同，并提议具体规定离职补偿金的水平，以便在法院裁定一宗案件存在滥用行为后取代目前的工作恢复要求。第二种方案适用于最近离职或新职位的新员工，并提出“空缺解除控制”(vacancy decontrol)，即允许公司在履行现有合同的同时自由设定遣散费的水平。在此范畴内，本文提出一项过渡性措施，即政府协助空缺解除管制，政府依照台湾先例，设定最低法定遣散费水平，相当于工作满二十年工人六个月的工资。在过渡性措施的必要性解除后，应实行完全空缺解除，取消法定遣散费。我们建议，即使在这个阶段，政府也应该公开设定遣散费的拖欠水平，除非有明确的协议或合同另有规定，否则公司应该遵守这个标准。政府应该立即为那些已经退休的老员工引入某种形式的空缺解除控制。
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