考研：考研英语语法大全之倒装（一）

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考研：考研英语语法大全之倒装

我们知道，英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序；如果把谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前，就称为倒装语序。当谓语全部置于主语之前，称为全部倒装；当谓语一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前，称为部分倒装。

考研英语语法大全之倒装1、 there be句型

There be句型在1989-2014年的英语一的真题中出现了73次，可见其重要性。

例句1：There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

分析：one path for a lawyer is there 是原来的语序，现在倒装在后面，冒号解释说明为什么是一条路。冒号后面有两个中心主语：a four-year undergraduate degree和a three-year law degree，authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam 做后置定语。

翻译：在美国的大多数州，想要成为一名律师，只有一条路可循：首先要接受四年的、与法律完全不相关的某门课程的学习；此外，还要在美国律师协会所认可的200所法律学校中某一所进行为期三年的学习并获得法学学位。

例句2 ：Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

分析： 该句是复合句，其中a belief 与 that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。

翻译： 他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

考研英语语法大全之倒装2、

有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型，如：stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。在作文描图中，建议考生多用

例句3：在2012年的英语一大作文中，我们就能这么描述：What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon, from which we can observe that in this cartoon stand two men and a bottle of milk.

分析：本来是two men and a bottle of milk stand in this cartoon.

考研英语语法大全之倒装3、 here, there等词置于句首
here, there, now, then, thus, hence  置于句首而主语不是人称代词时，主谓倒装；如果主语是人称代词或非人称代词，主谓不倒装。

例句4： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

分析： 该句是复合句，which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。

翻译： 举个例子，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事，因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。

考研英语语法大全之倒装4、表示方向、地点，伴随等状语置于句首

up, down, away, here, in, out, off 等置于句首时，需要全部倒装。

例子5：With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.

分析：分号前的原本的语序是centralization has come with economic growth，伴随状语前置，句子全部倒装。

翻译：随着经济的发展，居住集中化也接踵而至，在日本一亿一千九百万人当中，足有76%的人生活在城市，社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。

考研英语语法大全之倒装5、否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语

如：never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no sooner...than, hardly...whe, scarcely...when (before), not only, in no case, at no time, on no account, by no means, under no circumstances, in no respects, no longer/no more.

例句6：Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. (2012年英语一新题型选项　[C])

分析：原句的正常语序是they not only developed such a device 后面不变。那这句话的主干是they developed such a device but they had also managed to ember it .状语是in a worldwide system 后面跟着过去分词做后置定语。

翻译：他们不仅开发出这样的一种装置，还在千禧之交成功地将它应用到一个数十亿人每天使用的世界系统中。

例句7：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

分析：原句的正常语序是he had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

翻译：他几乎不能开始演讲当观众打乱了他。

例句8： Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

分析： 该句是复合句，and前是一复合句，定语从句by which...修饰the means，后一分句中never置于句首引起倒装

翻译： 电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。

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