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英文文献：Foreign Development Assistance to Agriculture and Food Security in Africa in the last Decade: Lessons for Tomorrow-过去十年对非洲农业和粮食安全的外国发展援助:明天的教训
英文文献作者：Ehui, Simeon K.,Okike, Iheanacho
英文文献摘要：
There are well-founded fears that it is unrealistic to expect Africa to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1) to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to halve the proportion of people who suffer hunger by 2015. Recent efforts of African governments to meet the MDG1 have resulted in a number of initiatives including the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) framework that calls for 6% agricultural growth rates, the Maputo Declaration calling for 10% of total public spending to be on agriculture, and the 2006 Abuja Declaration calling for an increase in fertilizer use from 8 – 50 kg/ha by 2015. CAADP estimates that an average investment of US$18 billion/year will be required to trigger sufficient agricultural growth rate to meet MDG1. Meanwhile, budgetary allocation to agriculture in many African nations is low and an analysis of trends in foreign development assistance to Africa over a 10-year period (1995-2004) showed that the annual commitment to agriculture out of the total assistance of US$230 billion declined from 11% in 1995 to 6% in 2004. This decline could be traced to the frustration of donors and African governments alike at the failure of agriculture to achieve sufficient progress towards food security and poverty reduction. Nevertheless, there is evidence from the past that where projects have been successful, governments provided political leadership and financial support; organized farmers groups actively participated in decision-making; and that close public-private-partnership existed. Based on the lessons learned from previous projects and the subsequent more favorable rules of engagement of donors with beneficiaries, the paper concludes that the challenges and responsibility for getting agriculture back to the front-burner of the development agenda is largely that of African governments.
人们有充分理由担心，期望非洲实现千年发展目标1 (MDG1)，即到2015年消除极端贫困和饥饿并将饥饿人口比例减半，这是不现实的。最近非洲各国政府的努力,以满足MDG1导致许多项目包括非洲农业综合开发项目(非洲)框架,要求农业增长率6%,马普托宣言呼吁农业总公共支出的10%,和2006年阿布贾宣言呼吁增加化肥的使用在2015年从8 - 50公斤/公顷。CAADP估计，平均每年需要180亿美元的投资才能触发足够的农业增长率，以满足千年发展目标1。与此同时,预算分配农业在许多非洲国家中较低和分析趋势在对外发展援助非洲在未来10年期间(1995 - 2004)显示,每年对农业的总援助2300亿美元从1995年的11%下降到2004年的6%。这种下降可以追溯到捐助者和非洲各国政府对农业未能在粮食安全和减贫方面取得足够进展感到失望。然而，过去的证据表明，在项目取得成功的地方，政府提供了政治领导和财政支助;组织农民团体积极参与决策;这种紧密的公私合作关系是存在的。根据从以往项目中吸取的教训，以及随后捐助者与受益者之间更有利的接触规则，该报告得出结论，将农业重新置于发展议程首要位置的挑战和责任很大程度上是非洲政府的责任。
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