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There is an overwhelmingly large literature and algorithms already available on “large-scale inference problems” based on different modeling techniques and cultures. Our primary goal in this article is not to add one more new methodology to the existing toolbox but instead (i) to clarify the mystery how these different simultaneous inference methods are connected, (ii) to provide an alternative more intuitive derivation of the formulas that leads to simpler expressions in order (iii) to develop a unified algorithm for practitioners. A detailed discussion on representation, estimation, inference, and model selection is given. Applications to a variety of real and simulated datasets show promise. We end with several future research directions.

Papers evaluating measures of explained variation, or similar indices, almost invariably use independence from censoring as the most important criterion. And they always end up suggesting that some measures meet this criterion, and some do not, most of the time leading to a conclusion that the first is better than the second. As a consequence, users are offered measures that cannot be used with time-dependent covariates and effects, not to mention extensions to repeated events or multi-state models. We explain in this paper that the aforementioned criterion is of no use in studying such measures, because it simply favors those that make an implicit assumption of a model being valid everywhere. Measures not making such an assumption are disqualified, even though they are better in every other respect. We show that if these, allegedly inferior, measures are allowed to make the same assumption, they are easily corrected to satisfy the ‘independent-from-censoring’ criterion. Even better, it is enough to make such an assumption only for the times greater than the last observed failure time τ, which, in contrast with the ‘preferred’ measures, makes it possible to use all the modeling flexibility up to τ and assume whatever one wants after τ. As a consequence, we claim that some of the measures being preferred as better in the existing reviews are in fact inferior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Repeated structures such as building facades, fences or road markings often represent a significant challenge for place recognition. Repeated structures are notoriously hard for establishing correspondences using multi-view geometry. They violate the feature independence assumed in the bag-of-visual-words representation which often leads to over-counting evidence and significant degradation of retrieval performance. In this work we show that repeated structures are not a nuisance but, when appropriately represented, they form an important distinguishing feature for many places. We describe a representation of repeated structures suitable for scalable retrieval and geometric verification. The retrieval is based on robust detection of repeated image structures and a suitable modification of weights in the bag-of-visual-word model. We also demonstrate that the explicit detection of repeated patterns is beneficial for robust visual word matching for geometric verification. Place recognition results are shown on datasets of street-level imagery from Pittsburgh and San Francisco demonstrating significant gains in recognition performance compared to the standard bag-of-visual-words baseline as well as the more recently proposed burstiness weighting and Fisher vector encoding.

Geometric Change Detection in Urban Environments Using Images
We propose a method to detect changes in the geometry of a city using panoramic images captured by a car driving around the city. The proposed method can be used to significantly optimize the process of updating the 3D model of an urban environment that is changing over time, by restricting this process...

号贩子倒卖号子和抢钱一样，问题是他们抢了谁的钱？看起来好像是抢了患者的钱，其实不然。一个医生的号子，被患者竞价之后为 1 000 元，这个钱本应属于医院和医生，但因为公家挂号费限价而不得不通过号贩子完成交易，这是政策实实在在的在帮号贩子抢医生的钱。与其让号贩子赚，为什么不医院收回来，补贴给医生和患者？所谓「为了维持公立医院的公益性」，结果就是号贩子获益，患者和医生双输。

普遍认为号子是公共资源，应该公平分配，人为控制的超低挂号费价格导致现在的公平分配方式就是：排队挂号。如果高价（价高者得）被认为是对穷人的歧视，那么排队就是「先到先得」的歧视，是对没有时间排队人的歧视。并且这真的对穷人公平吗？穷人排队没有号贩子专业，有钱人可以顾人排队还可以从号贩子手里买号子，有权的人可以通过其他途径拿到号子（权力歧视）。

经济学奖（The Prize in Economic Sciences）：2015 年 10 月 12 日下午 1:00（北京时间 10 月 12 日 19：00）

Medicine Laureates


1.
May-Britt Moser

2.
Sir Alexander Fleming

3.
John O'Keefe

4.
Ivan Pavlov

5.
James Watson

6.
Edvard I. Moser

7.
Frederick G. Banting

8.
Robert Koch

9.
Otto Warburg

10.
Francis Crick

Nominations for the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
327 scientists have been nominated for the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Among them, 57 individuals were nominated for the first time. The deadline for nominations for the 2015 Nobel Prize was 31 January.

Live Webcast of the 2015 Nobel Prize Announcements
PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE - Monday 5 October, 11:30 a.m. at the earliest
PHYSICS - Tuesday 6 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
CHEMISTRY - Wednesday 7 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest
PEACE - Friday 9 October, 11:00 a.m.
ECONOMIC SCIENCES - Monday 12 October, 1:00 p.m. at the earliest
LITERATURE - The date will be set later
Times listed are local time in Sweden.