【latex版】水贴

While most of the reprogramming experiments today are still based on the viral transduction of the same four Yamanaka transcription factors SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and cMYC (Takahashi, 2006), alternative techniques have been developed that improve the concept in various ways (Okita et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2009).

虽然大多数的重新编程实验今天仍然是基于相同的四个山转录病毒转导的因子SOX2，OCT4，KLF4和cMYC的（高桥，2006年），替代技术已经开发了改进以各种方式的概念（Okita等人，2008; Zhou等，2009）。

Although direct reprogramming has made it possible to study the interplay of the networks regulating pluripotency in a defined environment, it is still not understood how the transition happens in detail.

虽然直接重编程使得有可能研究网络中定义的环境调整多能性的相互作用，它仍然不知道如何过渡发生在细节。

However, it has become clear that the reprogramming potential is not limited to specific cells in a culture, but rather that essentially every cell can be reprogrammed given enough time and the appropriate method (Hanna et al., 2009).

然而，现在已经很清楚，该重新编程电位不局限于特定的细胞在培养，而是基本上每个细胞可重新给予足够的时间和适当的方法（2009年Hanna等人）中。

A high proliferation rate seems to be beneficial to the process of overcoming the barriers in reprogramming (Hong et al., 2009; Kawamura et al., 2009; Marión et al., 2009).

高增殖率似乎是克服在重编程的障碍的过程中有利（Hong等，2009; Kawamura等人，2009; MARION等人，2009）。

Moreover, efficiency could be improved by the addition of small molecules (Wang and Adjaye, 2010), some of which are also capable of replacing KLF4 and cMYC or even SOX2 (Ichida et al., 2009) in the process. Most of these discovered molecules act on the epigenetic modifications in the cells that fix them in their current developmental state.  

此外，效率可通过加入小分子（Wang和Adjaye的，2010），其中一些也能够替换KLF4和cMYC的或甚至SOX2的改善（市田等人，2009）的过程中。大多数这些发现的分子，作用于该解决他们在当前的发展状态，细胞的表观遗传修饰。