【latex版】水贴

The read.fwf command requires at least two options. The first is the name of the file and the second is a list of numbers that gives the length of each column in the data file. A negative number in the list indicates that the column should be skipped. Here we give the command to read the data file fixedWidth.dat . In this data file there are three columns. The first colum is 17 characters wide, the second column is 15 characters wide, and the last column is 7 characters wide. In the example below we use the optional col.names option to specify the names of the columns:

Model improvement follows the idealized steps listed on the first page of Bayesian Data Analysis:

Set up a full probability model. Define a joint probability distribution for all observable and unobservable quantities in a problem. The model should be consistent with knowledge about the underlying scientific problem and the data collection process.

Condition on observed data. Calculate and interpret the appropriate posterior distribution – the conditional probability distribution of the unobserved quantities of ultimate interest, given the observed data.

Evaluate the fit of the model and the implications of the resulting posterior distribution. How well does the model fit the data, are the substantive conclusions reasonable, and how sensitive are the results to the modeling assumptions? In response, one can alter or expand the model and repeat.

```{r}
fit <- stan(file = '8schools.stan', data = schools_dat)
```

1. ```{r}
   
2. fit <- stan(file = '8schools.stan', data = schools_dat)
   
3. ```

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There are many ways to read data using R.

There are many ways to read data using R.

The read.fwf command requires at least two options.

The read.fwf command requires at least two options.

The read.fwf command requires at least two options.

The read.fwf command requires at least two options.