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关于外包的概念问题:
outsourcing是离岸外移(offshoring)的一种,与其对应的是FDI。Wir2004对此已有准确的描述。
HBR最近有一篇关于offshoring的文章,
BEYOND OFFSHORING: Assess Your Company’s Global Potential
Abstract: Globalization can save companies more than two-thirds of
their total production costs with a combination of offshoring, task
redesign and training, and process improvements. There are risks
involved with global expansion, but exploiting the full potential of
globalization leads to significant revenue growth. The five stages of
global restructuring are: entering new markets; moving production
abroad; disaggregating the value chain; reengineering the value chain,
and creating new markets. Management has to abandon incremental
thinking, use global assets efficiently, adjust best practices to local
markets, and aim for higher quality to ensure success in restructuring.
Antràs最近有一篇文章,
Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy
Pol Antràs, Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg∗
December 15, 2004
Abstract
How does the formation of cross-country teams affect the organization of work and
the structure of wages? We study this question by proposing a theory of the assignment
of heterogeneous agents into hierarchical teams, where less skilled agents specialize in
production and more skilled agents specialize in problem solving. We first study the
properties of the competitive equilibrium of the model in a closed economy, and show
that the model has a unique and efficient solution. We then study the equilibrium of a
two-country model, in which agents drawn from the two countries’ ability distributions can
join together in teams. We refer to this type of integration as globalization. We describe
how globalization changes the allocation of individuals to tasks and the matching between
managers and workers. We also show how globalization affects the size distribution of
firms in each country. We next analyze how these changes in organization translate in
changes in the levels and structure of earnings of individuals, which in turn determine
the patterns of consumption and international trade in the global economy.
Antras刚从MIT毕业,贸易理论方面的一个新牛。
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