Outcourcing也可以用Subcontracting的定义:
Subcontracting is a kind of half-way house between complete internalization of procurement on the one hand and arm's length transactions on the open market. It is a situation where the firm offering the subcontract requires another independent enterprise to undertake the production or carry out the processing of a material, component, part or subassembly for it according to the specifications or plans provided by the firm offering the contract. Thus, subcontracting differs from the mere purchase of ready-made parts and components from suppliers in that there is an actual contract between the two participating firms setting out the specifications for the order. (Holmes, 1986.P.84)
载PETER DICKEN“Global shift: the internationalization of economic activity"。(又谁有该书的电子本?)