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英文文献：Analysis of participation in collective action initiatives for addressing unilateral agri-environmental externalities-分析参与解决单边农业环境外部性的集体行动倡议
英文文献作者：Willy, Daniel Kyalo,Kuhn, Arnim,Müller, Karin Holm
英文文献摘要：
The fact that agriculture is associated with negative external effects on ecosystems is of great concern. Most of these agri-environmental externalities are public goods in nature and therefore solving them through conventional market and regulation tools is challenging. Collective action has been identified as an option in dealing with externalities emanating from activities touching on agriculture and the environment especially in circumstances where markets and government regulation are not effective. In this paper we assess the potential for agri-environmental cooperation in dealing with agri-environmental externalities. The study achieves this objective using cross-sectional household survey data collected from 308 households in the Lake Naivasha basin, Kenya. Results indicate that non-cooperation is a dominant strategy in the Lake Naivasha basin. The study also identifies factors that influence the probability of cooperating and therefore could be catalysts to encourage cooperation. Such factors include expected private incentives, labour endowments and agricultural commercialization. Positive perceptions and attitudes, presence of social sanctions and norms of trust were also found to significantly influence cooperation. To deal with agri-environmental challenges through cooperation, policy needs to focus on facilitating selective incentives, awareness creation and embracing local participation in resource management.
农业与生态系统的负面外部影响有关，这一事实令人极为关切。这些农业环境外部性在本质上大多是公共产品，因此通过传统的市场和监管工具来解决它们具有挑战性。集体行动已被确定为处理涉及农业和环境的活动产生的外部性的一种选择，特别是在市场和政府管制无效的情况下。在本文中，我们评估了农业环境合作在处理农业环境外部性方面的潜力。本研究利用肯尼亚奈瓦沙湖盆地308户住户的横断面调查数据来实现这一目标。结果表明，不合作是奈瓦沙湖盆地的主导策略。该研究还确定了影响合作可能性的因素，因此可以成为鼓励合作的催化剂。这些因素包括预期的私人激励、劳动力捐赠和农业商业化。积极的认知和态度、社会制裁的存在和信任规范也显著影响合作。为了通过合作应对农业环境挑战，政策需要着重于促进选择性奖励、提高认识和鼓励当地参与资源管理。
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