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英文文献：Growth Pattern, Sustainability And Trade In A Land Constrained Economy-土地受限经济体的增长模式、可持续性和贸易
英文文献作者：Irz, Xavier T.,Roe, Terry L.
英文文献摘要：
This paper develops a two-sector model of growth where agriculture is considered explicitly. Key features of the model include: the reliance of agricultural production on a fixed but degrading resource base, the use by the farm sector of industrially produced inputs and differing rates of technological progress in the two sectors. On the demand side, the low income elasticity for food as well as the life-sustaining function of food consumption are recognized. In this simplified framework, the sustainability of growth can be related to the existence of a steady state reflecting the ability of the economy to feed its population. This property is used to identify the characteristics within and outside of agriculture conducive to the sustainability of a land-constrained economy. The empirical application identifies sub-Saharan Africa as the region of the world facing the most important challenges in terms of sustainability. The second part of the paper makes use of the transitional properties of the model to analyse the relationship between agricultural productivity and growth performance. For a closed economy, the model unambiguously supports the view that high agricultural productivity is conducive to fast growth and industrialization. Once the country is allowed to trade, however, the relationship becomes more complex, but a numerical experiment illustrates how trade liberalization can accelerate the growth of a country poorly endowed in agricultural resources.
本文发展了一个明确考虑农业的两部门增长模型。该模式的主要特点包括:农业生产依赖一个固定但有退化的资源基础，农业部门使用工业生产的投入，两个部门的技术进步率不同。在需求方面，人们认识到粮食的低收入弹性以及粮食消费维持生命的功能。在这个简化的框架中，增长的可持续性可以与反映经济养活其人口能力的稳定状态的存在有关。这一特性用于确定农业内部和外部有利于土地限制经济的可持续性的特征。经验应用确定撒哈拉以南非洲是世界上在可持续性方面面临最重要挑战的区域。第二部分利用该模型的过渡性，分析了农业生产率与增长绩效之间的关系。对于一个封闭经济，该模式明确支持这样一种观点，即高农业生产率有利于快速增长和工业化。然而，一旦该国被允许进行贸易，这种关系就会变得更加复杂。但一项数值实验表明，贸易自由化如何能加速一个农业资源匮乏的国家的增长。
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