<p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Springer&nbsp; Statistics and Computing系列，2005年</p><p>The Grammar of Graphics&nbsp; by Leland Wilkinson</p><p>Second Edition</p><p>Preface ix<br/>1 Introduction 1<br/>1.1 Graphics Versus Charts ...........................................................................2<br/>1.2 Object-Oriented Design ..........................................................................3<br/>1.3 An Object-Oriented Graphics System .....................................................6<br/>1.4 An Example .............................................................................................8<br/>1.5 What This Book Is Not .........................................................................13<br/>1.6 Background ...........................................................................................18<br/>1.7 Sequel ....................................................................................................18<br/>Part I 21<br/>2 How To Make a Pie 23<br/>2.1 Definitions .............................................................................................25<br/>2.2 Recipe ....................................................................................................31<br/>2.3 Notation .................................................................................................38<br/>2.4 Sequel ....................................................................................................40<br/>3 Data 41<br/>3.1 Data Functions ......................................................................................42<br/>3.2 Empirical Data ......................................................................................44<br/>3.3 Abstract Data .........................................................................................48<br/>3.4 Metadata ................................................................................................51<br/>3.5 Data Mining ..........................................................................................51<br/>3.6 Sequel ....................................................................................................54<br/>4 Variables 55<br/>4.1 Transforms ............................................................................................56<br/>4.2 Examples ...............................................................................................57<br/>4.3 Sequel ....................................................................................................61</p><p>5 Algebra 63<br/>5.1 Syntax ....................................................................................................63<br/>5.2 Examples ...............................................................................................73<br/>5.3 Other Algebras ......................................................................................80<br/>5.4 Sequel ....................................................................................................83<br/>6 Scales 85<br/>6.1 Scaling Theory ......................................................................................85<br/>6.2 Scale Transformations ...........................................................................93<br/>6.3 Sequel ..................................................................................................109<br/>7 Statistics 111<br/>7.1 Methods ...............................................................................................113<br/>7.2 Examples .............................................................................................123<br/>7.3 Summary .............................................................................................152<br/>7.4 Sequel ..................................................................................................154<br/>8 Geometry 155<br/>8.1 Examples .............................................................................................158<br/>8.2 Summary .............................................................................................177<br/>8.3 Sequel ..................................................................................................178<br/>9 Coordinates 179<br/>9.1 Transformations of the Plane ..............................................................180<br/>9.2 Projections onto the Plane ...................................................................227<br/>9.3 3D Coordinate Systems .......................................................................244<br/>9.4 High-Dimensional Spaces ...................................................................248<br/>9.5 Tools and Coordinates ........................................................................253<br/>9.6 Sequel ..................................................................................................254<br/>10 Aesthetics 255<br/>10.1 Continuous Scales .............................................................................256<br/>10.2 Categorical Scales .............................................................................261<br/>10.3 Dimensions ........................................................................................265<br/>10.4 Realism ..............................................................................................270<br/>10.5 Aesthetic Attributes ...........................................................................274<br/>10.6 Examples ...........................................................................................293<br/>10.7 Summary ...........................................................................................316<br/>10.8 Sequel ................................................................................................318</p><p>11 Facets 319<br/>11.1 Facet Specification ............................................................................319<br/>11.2 Algebra of Facets ..............................................................................320<br/>11.3 Examples ...........................................................................................327<br/>11.4 Sequel ................................................................................................345<br/>12 Guides 347<br/>12.1 Scale Guides ......................................................................................348<br/>12.2 Annotation Guides ............................................................................352<br/>12.3 Sequel ................................................................................................356<br/>Part 2 357<br/>13 Space 359<br/>13.1 Mathematical Space ..........................................................................363<br/>13.2 Psychological Space ..........................................................................378<br/>13.3 Graphing Space .................................................................................381<br/>13.4 Sequel ................................................................................................405<br/>14 Time 407<br/>14.1 Mathematics of Time ........................................................................408<br/>14.2 Psychology of Time ..........................................................................424<br/>14.3 Graphing Time ..................................................................................427<br/>14.4 Sequel ................................................................................................449<br/>15 Uncertainty 451<br/>15.1 Mathematics of Uncertainty ..............................................................451<br/>15.2 Psychology of Uncertainty ................................................................466<br/>15.3 Graphing Uncertainty ........................................................................468<br/>15.4 Sequel ................................................................................................488<br/>16 Analysis 489<br/>16.1 Variance Analysis .............................................................................490<br/>16.2 Shape Analysis ..................................................................................496<br/>16.3 Graph Drawing. .................................................................................500<br/>16.4 Sequence Analysis ............................................................................505<br/>16.5 Pattern Analysis ................................................................................517<br/>16.6 Sequel ................................................................................................533<br/>17 Control 535<br/>17.1 Building .............................................................................................535<br/>17.2 Exploring ...........................................................................................552<br/>17.3 Sequel ................................................................................................57718 Automation 579<br/>18.1 Graphics Production Language .........................................................580<br/>18.2 Visualization Markup Language .......................................................589<br/>18.3 Summary ...........................................................................................608<br/>18.4 Sequel ................................................................................................609<br/>19 Reader 611<br/>19.1 The Problem ......................................................................................612<br/>19.2 A Psychological Reader Model .........................................................614<br/>19.3 A Graphics Grammar Reader Model ................................................617<br/>19.4 Research ............................................................................................622<br/>19.5 Sequel ................................................................................................622<br/>20 Coda 623<br/>20.1 Napoleon’s March .............................................................................623<br/>20.2 Monarch Butterfly Migration ............................................................629<br/>20.3 Conclusion ........................................................................................632<br/>20.4 Sequel ................................................................................................634</p><p></p><p></p>
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