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英文文献：Superstar Exporters: An Empirical Investigation of Strategic Interactions in Danish Export Market-超级巨星出口商:丹麦出口市场战略互动的实证研究
英文文献作者：Federico Ciliberto,Ina C. J?kel
英文文献摘要：
In many countries, exports are highly concentrated among a few "superstar" firms. We estimate the export decisions of superstar firms as the result of a complete information, simultaneous, discrete choice, static entry game. We employ a dataset on the universe of Danish trade transactions by firm, product and destination. We also obtain detailed information on applied, preferential tariff protection from the MAcMap-HS6 database. We find evidence of strong negative competitive effects of entry: in the absence of strategic competitive effects, firms would be 54.3 percentage points more likely to export to a given market. Next, we run two counterfactual exercises. We show that failing to account for the strategic interaction among superstar exporters leads to: (i) overstating the probability that firms would start exporting to a market following tariff elimination by 8 percentage points; and, (ii) overstating the probability that firms would stop exporting to a market if tariffs were imposed by 7.5 percentage points. We also show that competitive effects vary across export markets and competitors. This heterogeneity in the competitive effects implies that there exist multiple equilibria, both in the identity and in the number of firms.
在许多国家，出口高度集中在少数“超级明星”公司。我们估计超级明星公司的出口决策作为一个完整的信息，同时，离散选择，静态进入博弈的结果。我们根据公司、产品和目的地使用丹麦贸易交易的数据集。我们还从MAcMap-HS6数据库中获取有关适用的特惠关税保护的详细信息。我们发现了进入市场强烈的负面竞争影响的证据:在没有战略竞争影响的情况下，企业向给定市场出口的可能性会增加54.3个百分点。接下来，我们进行两个反事实的练习。我们表明，如果不考虑超级出口商之间的战略互动，将导致:(i)将关税取消后企业开始向某个市场出口的概率夸大了8个百分点;(二)夸大了如果对某一市场征收7.5个百分点的关税，企业停止出口的可能性。我们还表明，竞争效应因出口市场和竞争对手而异。这种竞争效应的异质性意味着在企业的身份和数量上存在多重均衡。
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