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英文文献：Is Yield Response Site-Specific? Revisiting Nitrogen Recommendations On Corn-产量反应位点特异性吗?重新讨论玉米的氮素建议
英文文献作者：Swinton, Scott M.,Liu, Yanyan,Miller, Neil R.
英文文献摘要：
Variable rate application (VRA) of fertilizer to U.S. cereal crops has provided uneven profitability results. Typically, yield response is negligible and input costs savings are insufficient to cover the added information and equipment costs of the technology. Largely overlooked has been the possibility that typical state-level fertilizer recommendations might be unsuited to VRA management. This research uses experimental data from 1999-2001 on 14 farm fields in south-central Michigan to test the hypothesis that site characteristics interact with nitrogen in affecting corn yield. Included among the site characteristics are a) soil test data, b) soil electrical conductivity, and c) terrain traits (potential wetness and insolation indexes). Site characteristics were found to interact significantly with nitrogen in affecting corn yield response in all three years. The difference in gross margins between VRA using site-characteristic based recommendations and uniform fertilizer application using whole-field or state-level recommendations was not enough to cover the cost of soil testing and VRA for most fields and years at current fertilizer and corn prices. Given that the costs of implementing VRA fertilization could not be recovered, few growers are likely to be willing to pay the added costs of experimentation and data analysis to develop site-specific recommendations, at least under conditions like those evaluated here.
对美国谷类作物施用可变比例肥料(VRA)造成了不均衡的盈利结果。通常，产量反应是微不足道的，节省的投入费用不足以支付技术增加的资料和设备费用。在很大程度上被忽视的是，典型的州级施肥建议可能不适合VRA管理。本研究利用1999-2001年在密歇根州中南部的14块农田上的实验数据，来验证场地特征与氮相互作用影响玉米产量的假设。场地特征包括a)土壤测试数据，b)土壤电导率，c)地形特征(潜在湿度和日照指数)。研究发现，氮素对玉米产量的影响在3年均表现出显著的互作效应。采用基于站点特征的建议的VRA和采用全田或国家级建议的统一施肥之间的毛利润差异不足以支付大多数农田和多年的土壤测试和VRA成本，以当前肥料和玉米价格计算。考虑到实施VRA施肥的成本无法收回，很少有种植者愿意支付额外的试验和数据分析成本，以制定具体地点的建议，至少在这里评估的条件下是这样的。
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