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英文文献：Empirical Taxonomy Of Environmental Ethical Archetypes-环境伦理原型的经验分类
英文文献作者：Grimsrud, Kristine M.,Wandschneider, Philip R.
英文文献摘要：
Economists usually assume that the private ethical system of individuals is Utilitarian. However, one finds a much broader range of ethical positions in the environmental ethics literature. Moreover, environmental policy debates seem to elicit alternative ethical systems. It would therefore seem prudent to increase our understanding of the role played by alternative environmental ethical systems. In this study we follow some descriptive ethical studies in examining the empirical ethical position of people based on a broad cross section of the American public. We review some taxonomic literature in environmental ethics and develop a conceptual model of the formation of environmental values. We then use canonical correlation to investigate the existence of environmental values and their relationship to childhood experiences. We find four ethical systems linked to four different "types" of people. One of the ethical systems is decidedly spiritual and one seems rather ill-defined or indifferent towards nature. The other two systems show anthropocentric values, one more conservation minded, one more use minded.
经济学家通常认为个人的私人伦理体系是功利主义的。然而，人们在环境伦理学文献中发现了更广泛的伦理立场。此外，环境政策的辩论似乎引出了另一种道德体系。因此，增加我们对其他环境伦理系统所起作用的理解似乎是谨慎的。在本研究中，我们遵循了一些描述性伦理研究，以考察基于广泛的美国公众的经验主义伦理立场。我们回顾了一些环境伦理学的分类文献，并发展了一个关于环境价值形成的概念模型。然后，我们使用典型相关来调查环境价值的存在及其与儿童经历的关系。我们发现四种道德体系与四种不同“类型”的人有关。其中一种伦理体系是绝对的精神伦理体系，人们对自然的定义似乎相当模糊或冷漠。另外两个系统体现了以人类为中心的价值观，一个更有保护意识，一个更有使用意识。
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