发帖
雷达卡
英文文献：The Impact Of Health Information And Demographic Changes On Aggregate Meat Demand-卫生信息和人口变化对肉类总需求的影响
英文文献作者：Schroeter, Christiane,Foster, Kenneth A.
英文文献摘要：
Over the past few decades, U.S. meat consumption patterns have changed. Food consumption patterns are influenced by changing demographic characteristics, changing lifestyles, increasing health, and nutrition concerns. Prior research suggests that these factors have significant influence on the demand for meat (Capps and Schmitz; Kinnucan, Hsia, and Jackson). By incorporating a demographic and a health information variable in the meat demand system, this study aims to quantify and interpret important non-price determinants of meat demand. Demographic and health information variables might act as demand shifters in the model. Evaluating the effects of changes on meat demand delivers information on the potential existence of structural change in the underlying consumer utility function. This research statistically estimates the impact of health and demographic information on the aggregate U.S. demand for beef, pork, poultry and fish over the period of 1970 to 1999. To estimate these demands, this study employed both the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) by Deaton and Muellbauer and the Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System (IAIDS) by Eales and Unnevehr. The well-defined preference structure and consistent aggregation from the micro to the market level has made the AIDS especially popular when modeling the demand for meat. The IAIDS is used in this study, because of the focus on perishable agricultural products; thus, it might seem appropriate to have quantities as exogenous permitting prices to adjust in order to allow short-run market clearance. Comparing the results of each demand system provides insight into which demand system most appropriately represents the variables of interest. However, in significant contrast to past studies that have focused on the role of health information on meat demand, this study will additionally explore how structural change depends on the endogeneity of prices and quantities (Capps and Schmitz; Eales and Unnevehr; Kinnucan, Hsia, and Jackson). This study treats demographic and health information measures as concomitant variables in the standard AIDS and IAIDS share equations. This research also evaluates whether these variables support the type of structural change in meat demand that have been proposed in previous research, such as that by Moschini and Meilke who suggest a mid 1970s demand change. The health index in the model is represented by the cumulative sum of the net number of reviewed medical journal articles published, which support the linkage between cholesterol and heart disease. The study uses the original Brown and Schrader index as base data, subsequently weighted by a factor representing the relative proportion of all journal articles providing negative cholesterol information (Kinnucan, Hsia, and Jackson). Demographic information is represented by women's participation in the labor force. Results from this study indicate that the index of the percentage of women in the work force is a determining factor in estimating meat demand. This variable represents several demographic changes that have occurred over the past two decades. More women, particularly mothers, work, which leads to an increase in households with both parents in the work force. With more time spent outside the household, less time can be devoted to preparing meals for the family. The demand for easy-to-prepare meal solutions rises, and leads to a modification in consumption behavior. Results of this study indicate that the poultry and fish industries have responded to consumers' demand for easily prepared meat products. In contrast to previous research (Kinnucan, Hsia, and Jackson; Capps and Schmitz), this study shows that the health information index does not have a significant effect on aggregate meat demand. These results suggest that in aggregate, the concerns about cholesterol consumption have had little, if any, effect on meat demand. Disentangling the effects of health information and demographic changes on meat demand merits further investigation. The availability of this information will help producers develop products which better correspond to consumer tastes, preferences and demographics. Retailers will also benefit by developing more effective marketing strategies and an opportunity to expand market share. As a result, consumers could benefit from improved availability of products and information that meet their needs and circumstances.
卫生信息和人口变化对肉类总需求的影响。在过去的几十年里，美国的肉类消费模式已经发生了变化。人口特征的变化、生活方式的变化、健康和营养问题的增加影响着食品消费模式。之前的研究表明，这些因素对肉类需求有显著影响(Capps和Schmitz;Kinnucan, Hsia和Jackson)。通过在肉类需求系统中加入人口统计和健康信息变量，本研究旨在量化和解释肉类需求的重要非价格决定因素。人口和健康信息变量可能在模型中扮演需求转换者的角色。评估变化对肉类需求的影响可以提供潜在消费者效用函数中存在的结构变化的信息。这项研究从统计上估计了健康和人口统计信息对1970年至1999年期间美国对牛肉、猪肉、家禽和鱼类总需求的影响。为了估计这些需求，本研究使用了Deaton和Muellbauer的几乎理想需求系统(AIDS)和Eales和Unnevehr的逆几乎理想需求系统(IAIDS)。定义明确的偏好结构和从微观到市场水平的一致聚集，使艾滋病在建模肉类需求时特别受欢迎。本研究使用IAIDS，因为重点关注易腐农产品;因此，似乎适当的做法是将数量作为外生因素，允许价格进行调整，以便允许短期的市场出清。比较每个需求系统的结果可以洞察哪个需求系统最合适地表示感兴趣的变量。然而，与过去的研究重点关注健康信息对肉类需求的作用形成显著对比的是，本研究将进一步探索结构变化如何依赖于价格和数量的内生性(Capps和Schmitz;宝莲寺和Unnevehr;Kinnucan, Hsia和Jackson)。本研究将人口统计和健康信息测量作为标准艾滋病和IAIDS共享方程中的伴随变量。该研究还评估了这些变量是否支持先前研究中提出的肉类需求的结构性变化，如Moschini和Meilke提出的20世纪70年代中期的需求变化。模型中的健康指数由发表在医学期刊上的综述文章净数量的总和表示，这支持了胆固醇和心脏病之间的联系。这项研究使用原始的Brown和Schrader指数作为基础数据，随后用一个表示提供负胆固醇信息的所有期刊文章(Kinnucan, Hsia和Jackson)的相对比例的因子进行加权。人口统计资料以妇女参与劳动力为代表。这项研究的结果表明，劳动力中妇女的百分比指数是估计肉类需求的一个决定性因素。这个变量代表了过去二十年来发生的一些人口变化。越来越多的妇女，特别是母亲参加工作，这导致父母双方都参加工作的家庭增加。随着外出的时间越来越多，可以用来为家人做饭的时间就越来越少了。对易于准备的餐液的需求上升，并导致消费行为的改变。这项研究的结果表明，家禽和鱼类工业已经响应了消费者对易加工肉制品的需求。与之前的研究(Kinnucan, Hsia, Jackson;Capps和Schmitz)的研究表明，健康信息指数对肉类总需求没有显著影响。这些结果表明，总的来说，对胆固醇摄入的担忧对肉类几乎没有影响
京公网安备 11010802022788号
