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英文文献：Modeling Spatial Accessibility Within Discrete Choice Framework-在离散选择框架内建模空间可访问性
英文文献作者：Ulimwengu, John M.,Guo, Xiaoqi
英文文献摘要：
Spatial accessibility is concerned with the opportunity that an individual at a given location possesses to participate in a particular activity or set of activities. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the shortcomings of traditional accessibility measures and provide some appropriate methodological suggestions for their improvement. Traditional measures derived from cumulative opportunities and gravity models focus on physical proximity leaving out individual and spatial attributes as potential explanatory variable. The improvement through random utility theory relies mainly on Multinomial logit models under Independently and Identically Distributed (IID) and individual response homogeneity assumptions that often do not hold in case of choices involving spatial units. In this paper we briefly present the process of relaxing MNL assumptions. Using the MNL, Nested logit (NL), and Mixed Multinomial logit (MMNL) models we derive related accessibility measures. The application of MNL, NL and MMNL on choice model of residential location underlines possible consequences of a misspecification of the distribution of the error term and that of model parameters. The results clearly suggest that a decision process can be corrupted, and therefore lead to erroneous policy measures because of model misspecification.
空间可达性是指一个人在特定地点所拥有的参与特定活动或一组活动的机会。本文的主要目的是突出传统可及性测度的不足之处，并为其改进提供适当的方法建议。由累积机会和重力模型得出的传统测量方法侧重于物理上的接近性，而忽略了作为潜在解释变量的个体和空间属性。通过随机效用理论的改进主要依赖于独立和同分布(IID)下的多项logit模型和个体响应同质性假设，这些假设在涉及空间单位的选择中通常不成立。本文简要介绍了松弛MNL假设的过程。使用MNL、嵌套logit (NL)和混合多项logit (MMNL)模型，我们得到了相关的可访问性度量。在住宅选址选择模型中应用MNL、NL和MMNL强调了误差项分布和模型参数分布不对称的可能后果。结果清楚地表明，决策过程可能被破坏，并因此导致错误的政策措施，因为模型的不规范。
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