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英文文献：An Economic Analysis of Consumer Expenditures for Safe Drinking Water: Addressing Nitrogen Risk with an Averting Cost Approach-消费者安全饮用水支出的经济分析:用避免成本的方法解决氮风险
英文文献作者：Tenwalde, Tracy,Jones, Eugene,Hitzhusen, Frederick J.
英文文献摘要：
This article presents a procedure for estimating averting expenditures through the analyses of two data sources: (1) packaged water sales from 18 national supermarket chain stores in the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area (COMA); and (2) treatment expenditures for both high and low service water from a local drinking water treatment facility owned and operated by the Columbus, Ohio municipality. The averting behavior results from a nitrogen advisory for drinking water for 1/3 of the COMA. The study concentrates on estimating these averting expenditures as representative of averting behavior for a market and non-market good trade-off. This article concentrates on the economic consequences of the nitrogen pollution problem as it affects households through the water they drink. It measures the private and public averting for the remedies available to address this problem. Major findings are that consumers make significant expenditures on packaged water both inside and outside the nitrogen advisory area and the municipality also makes considerable averting expenditures. The results represent an averting behavior effect emanating through an area having experienced recent and historic nitrogen advisory events with significant implications for government and industrial strategies for identification and prevention of nitrogen contamination incidents.
本文提出了一种通过分析两个数据来源来估算可避免支出的方法:(1)俄亥俄州哥伦布市18家全国连锁超市的包装水销售情况(COMA);(2)俄亥俄州哥伦布市拥有和运营的当地饮用水处理设施的高、低服务用水的处理支出。这种回避行为是由于在昏迷的1/3时间里饮用含氮的水。研究集中于估计这些避免支出作为一个市场和非市场的良好交换的避免行为的代表。这篇文章集中在氮污染问题的经济后果，因为它影响家庭的水他们喝。它衡量私人和公共部门回避解决这一问题可用的补救措施的情况。主要的调查结果是，消费者在氮咨询区内外的包装水上花费了大量的钱，市政当局也作出了大量的避免开支。研究结果表明，该地区近期和历史上发生过氮污染咨询事件，对政府和行业识别和预防氮污染事件的战略具有重要意义。
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