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英文文献：Brazil's Rising Agricultural Productivity and World Competitiveness-巴西不断提高的农业生产率和世界竞争力
英文文献作者：Rada, Nicholas E.,Buccola, Steven T.,Fuglie, Keith O.
英文文献摘要：
Brazil now is the largest coffee, sugar, and fruit juice producer, second-largest soybean and beef producer, and third-largest corn and broiler producer. It has overtaken the U.S. in poultry exports, nearly matches the U.S. in soybean exports, and dominates global trade in frozen orange juice. To test and better understand these advances, we draw on decennial farm censuses to examine technical change and efficiency in Brazilian agriculture. Our approach is to estimate a stochastic, multi-product, output distance frontier, using a translog functional form and data disaggregated to the micro-region (sub-state) level. Using two consecutive decennial farm censuses, we combine state-level Fisher productivity-change indexes with state-level translog distance function estimates of technical efficiency change to impute state-level technical shifts. We find, leading up to the soon-to-be-released 2006 agricultural census, that Brazil’s multi-factor productivity growth rate between 1985 and 1996 was 20.2%. Mean state-level technical efficiency was 91.2%, which implies the production frontier expanded 22.2% over the reference time period.
巴西现在是最大的咖啡、糖和果汁生产国，第二大大豆和牛肉生产国，第三大玉米和肉鸡生产国。中国的家禽出口已经超过了美国，大豆出口几乎赶上了美国，并在全球冷冻橙汁贸易中占据着主导地位。为了检验和更好地理解这些进步，我们利用十年一次的农业普查来检验巴西农业的技术变化和效率。我们的方法是估计一个随机的，多积的，输出距离边界，使用跨对数函数形式和数据分类到微观区域(子状态)水平。利用连续两次十年的农业普查，我们将国家级费舍尔生产率变化指数与国家级技术效率变化的超对数距离函数估计相结合，来推算国家级技术转移。我们发现，在即将发布的2006年农业普查之前，巴西1985年至1996年间的多因素生产率增长率为20.2%。国家级平均技术效率为91.2%，这意味着生产前沿面在参考时间段内扩大了22.2%。
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