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英文文献：Policy Responses to 2008 High Food Prices: Domestic Incentives and Global Implications-应对2008年食品价格高企的政策:国内激励措施和全球影响
英文文献作者：Woolverton, Andrea E.,Kiawu, James
英文文献摘要：
Global food commodity price inflation beginning in 2006 and continuing through mid-2008 became a priority concern for global consumers, producers and policy-makers alike. In response, many governments across the world implemented policies targeting high food commodity prices in their domestic markets. These policy responses were concentrated in lower income countries and primarily targeted rice and wheat. The 2007-08 policy responses across countries included liberalized import tariffs, export restrictions and increased domestic support for both consumers and producers. We develop a case study of 15 major global trading, lower-income countries’ policy responses . The analysis addressed the following questions: a) What policy responses did major global traders with relatively large domestic food commodity price vulnerabilities choose?; b) What are the expected short-term and potential longer-term market impacts of these policies?; c) What domestic incentives exist for the selected countries’ policy choices?; and d) Did the response policies work? History may repeat itself in the face of future global price surges unless sufficient feedback is received from trading partners. Looking at India’s and Vietnam’s experience, it appears that short-term goals associated with the rice export bans were achieved, both in terms of perceived mitigation of domestic prices and political objectives. Without tangible consequences, market disrupting policies could be expected in the future if the domestic incentives within relevant countries persist.
从2006年开始并持续到2008年中期的全球粮食商品价格通胀，成为全球消费者、生产者和决策者的首要关切。作为回应，世界上许多国家的政府实施了针对国内市场粮食价格高企的政策。这些政策反应集中在低收入国家，主要针对大米和小麦。2007-08年各国的应对政策包括放宽进口关税、出口限制和增加对消费者和生产者的国内支持。我们对15个主要的全球贸易、低收入国家的政策回应进行了案例研究。该分析解决了以下问题:1)国内食品价格脆弱性较大的全球主要贸易商采取了哪些政策应对措施?b)这些政策对市场的短期和潜在长期影响是什么?c)所选国家的政策选择有哪些国内激励因素?d)应对政策是否有效?除非从贸易伙伴那里得到足够的反馈，否则面对未来的全球价格飙升，历史可能会重演。从印度和越南的经验来看，与大米出口禁令相关的短期目标似乎已经实现，无论是从缓解国内价格的感觉上，还是从政治目标上。如果有关国家的国内激励措施持续下去，在没有明显后果的情况下，可以预期未来会出台扰乱市场的政策。
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