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英文文献：Does Efficient Irrigation Technology Lead to Reduced Groundwater Extraction?: Empirical Evidence-有效的灌溉技术会导致地下水抽取量的减少吗?:经验证据
英文文献作者：Pfeiffer, Lisa,Lin, C.-Y. Cynthia
英文文献摘要：
Policies that encourage the use of more efficiency irrigation technology are often viewed as effective, politically feasible methods to reduce the consumptive use of water for agricultural production. Despite their widespread use, these policies have not been subject to empirical evaluation. In this article, we evaluate the effect on groundwater extraction of a widespread conversion from traditional center pivot irrigation systems to higher efficiency dropped-nozzle center pivot systems that has occurred in western Kansas. State and national cost-share programs subsidized the conversion. We find that the programs have not had the intended effect; the shift to more efficient irrigation technology has not decreased the amount of water applied to a given crop, and has actually increased groundwater extraction through changing cropping patterns.
鼓励使用效率更高的灌溉技术的政策往往被视为减少农业生产用水消耗的有效的、政治上可行的方法。尽管这些政策得到了广泛的应用，但尚未得到实证评价。在这篇文章中，我们评估了堪萨斯州西部从传统的中心枢纽式灌溉系统向效率更高的滴管式中心枢纽式灌溉系统的广泛转变对地下水抽取的影响。州和国家的成本分摊计划为这种转换提供了补贴。我们发现这些计划并没有达到预期的效果;采用更有效的灌溉技术并没有减少特定作物的用水量，反而通过改变种植方式增加了地下水的抽取。
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