资本运动流程图和经济活动流程图（萨繆尔森）的比较

clm0600 发表于 2018-10-11 14:26
就是企业和生产部门啊，有什么问题？

  什么是产业链？你知道吗？

Those arguments should stop here. why does not zhuxiang write a paper and submit to AER or JET to see if his or her critics would be accepted. If the paper is published in such a high quality academic journal, zhuxiang probably will be the first Chinese Nobel Economics Prize winner.

Economic rent has been translated into Chinese in a funny way, called it "地租". The true meaning of rent has lost in translation.

In economics, economic rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production. In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made (including imputed value) or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location (land) and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities (e.g., patents). In the moral economy of neoclassical economics, economic rent includes income gained by labor or state beneficiaries of other "contrived" (assuming the market is natural, and does not come about by state and social contrivance) exclusivity, such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption.

So, rent-seeking is an individual's or entity's use of company, organizational or individual resources to obtain economic gain without reciprocating any benefits to society through wealth creation. An example of rent-seeking is when a company lobbies the government for loan subsidies, grants or tariff protection.

In economics, capital consists of an asset that can enhance one's power to perform economically useful work. For example, in a fundamental sense a stone or an arrow is capital for a caveman who can use it as a hunting instrument, while roads are capital for inhabitants of a city.

Adam Smith defines capital as "That part of men's stock which he expects to afford him revenue". The term "stock" is derived from the Old English word for stump or tree trunk. It has been used to refer to all the moveable property of a farm since at least 1510.

In Marxian political economy, capital is money used to buy something only in order to sell it again to realize a financial profit. For Marx capital only exists within the process of economic exchange—it is wealth that grows out of the process of circulation itself, and for Marx it formed the basis of the economic system of capitalism. In more contemporary schools of economics, this form of capital is generally referred to as "financial capital" and is distinguished from "capital goods".

clm0600 发表于 2018-10-11 15:49
装逼犯滚蛋！

你就不能文明点吗？

clm0600 发表于 2018-10-11 15:48
操你妈！你爷爷我都知道。

你觉得这样干嚎有用吗？

clm0600 发表于 2018-10-11 15:49
装逼犯滚蛋！

  你想干什么？你想把这里变成泼妇骂街的地方？

zhuxiang 发表于 2018-10-10 17:06
萨繆尔森经济活动流程图的错误
1. 生产资料例如机器、厂房、原料等是生产要素，但在图中没有生产资料这 ...

1. 生产资料例如机器、厂房、原料等是生产要素，但在图中没有生产资料这种要素的价格，代替生产资料价格的是利息，但利息不是生产要素的价格。

2. 。他和萨伊犯了相同的错误：他们先把生产资料即机器、原料等叫做资本，然后说资本这种要素的价格是利息，这样一来，机器、原料等生产要素的价格就变成利息了。

3. 生产资料（资本）只是生产要素，不是产品。生产资料（资本）是由消费者提供，而不是由企业提供：在产品市场上，只有消费资料，没有生产资料。

4. 在产品市场上，只有生产成本，没有利润，在要素市场上，也没有利润。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
好像前段时间就见过zhuxiang发过这帖子。

老萨的图例说明没有问题的。

他的资本品讲的确实是生产资料，包括在劳动要素里。他把利息计入要素价格中去也没问题，利息本身就是企业生产《沉没成本》的一种，最终都需要计入到终端产品的市场价格中去的。

他的重点是生产要素价格的《全部构成》，既然是《全部构成》，当然要包括利息在内，利息本身就是价格构成的一部分。
【例如从企业《从甲方融入资金》，然后《租用乙方的土地》进行商品生产，那么利息便是生产要素价格组成中的其中一部分】。

最后，与《要素市场价格》对应的《商品市场价格》，企业卖家也会相应地把利息部分计入到商品终端的售价中去的。

zsl0815 发表于 2018-10-11 17:07
1. 生产资料例如机器、厂房、原料等是生产要素，但在图中没有生产资料这种要素的价格，代替生产资料价格的 ...

你的意思是说利息是生产资料价格的一部分，但是你要搞清楚，生产资料价格和生产资料价格的一部分是两个概念。如果生产资料价格是要素价格，那么为什么不说生产资料价格是要素价格，而是说其中一部分是要素价格，这是不是说生产资料价格的其他部分不是要素价格。

zsl0815 发表于 2018-10-11 17:07
1. 生产资料例如机器、厂房、原料等是生产要素，但在图中没有生产资料这种要素的价格，代替生产资料价格的 ...

生产资料价格也不一定包含利息。如果生产生产资料的资本家完全用自己拥有的货币来生产生产资料，而没有用借贷的货币进行生产资料生产，那么生产资料价格就不包括利息。