[求助]what is invisible hand的中文&Chineseexplaination

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what is invisible hand的中文&Chineseexplaination??? Thank U

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关键词：explaination invisible Chinese explain visible 中文 Hand invisible

“看不见的手”的原理是什么？

An economic principle, first postulated by Adam Smith, holding that the greatest benefit to a society is brought about by individuals acting freely in a competitive marketplace in the pursuit of their own self-interest.

Invisible Hand

The Invisible hand is a metaphor created by Adam Smith to illustrate the principle of "enlightened self interest". Today this principle is associated with psychological egoism. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith makes the claim that, within the system of capitalism, an individual acting for his own good tends also to promote the good of his community. He attributed this principle to a social mechanism that he called the Invisible Hand.

Every individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it... By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for society that it was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good.

Smith is saying that participants in the economy are motivated by self-interest and that the "invisible hand" of the marketplace guides this self-interest into promoting general economic well-being.

史密斯说市场中的参与者的动力来源全部都是以提高自身利益为中心的。而所谓的“看不见的手”（价钱) 带领着这种以自身利益为中心的动力来驱动整个市场的福利。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-19 5:20:28编辑过]

现代西方经济学的创始人英国经济学家亚当.斯密极为推崇私人经济部门和市场机制的作用。他认为市场就像一只“看不见的手”，可以通过价格和竞争机制，对经济活动进行自发的有效的组织，从而使每个人都追求个人利益最终给全社会带来共同利益。具体地讲，在市场机制下，每个决策者都面对着一定的价格体系进行选择，以谋求自己的利益极大化。只要存在着个人认为有价值的产品和劳务，他们将愿意为消费它们而付款，只要这一价值超过生产成本，追求利润的资本家就将生产和提供这些产品与劳务。显然，单个决策者的选择就是“其他人”最大化自己利益的一个约束条件，从而间接地影响着他人的选择和福利。这种决策者之间相互影响的过程就相当于买者与卖者，买者之间，卖者之间的竞争过程，竞争的结果形成新一轮的价格。如此周尔复始，每个人的追求个人利益的经济活动的总和可以使整个社会的经济活动达到最佳状态。