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另做33 War Strategies 摘要
12.        Lose Battles But Win The War: Grand Strategy
Everyone around you is a strategist angling for power, all trying to promote their own interests, often at your expense. Your daily battles with them make you lose sight of the only thing that really matters: victory in the end, the achievement of greater goals, lasting power.
Grand strategy is the art of looking beyond the battle and calculating ahead. It requires that you focus on your ultimate goal and plot to reach it. In grand strategy you consider the political ramifications and long-term consequences of what you do. Instead of reacting emotionally to people, you take control, and make your actions more dimensional, subtle, and effective. Let others get caught up in the twists and turns of the battle, relishing their little victories. Grand strategy will bring you the ultimate reward: the last laugh.
In grand strategy you look beyond the moment, beyond your immediate battles and concerns. You concentrate on what you want to achieve down the line. Controlling the temptation to react to events as they happen, you determine each of your actions according to your ultimate goals. You think in terms not of individual battles but of a campaign.
In the Eastern way of thinking, one starts with the whole, takes everything as a whole and proceeds with a comprehensive and intuitive synthesization (combination). In the Western way of thinking, however, one starts with the parts, takes (divides) a complex matter into component parts and then deals with them one by one, with an emphasis on logical analysis.
To become a grand strategist in life, you must follow the path of Alexander. First, clarify your life—decipher your own personal riddle—by determining what it is you are destined to achieve, the direction in which your skills and talents seem to push you. Visualize yourself fulfilling this destiny in glorious detail. As Aristotle advised, work to master your emotions and train yourself to think ahead: “This action will advance me toward my goal, this one will lead me nowhere.” Guided by these standards, you will be able to stay on course.
Nothing in life happens in isolation; everything is related to everything else and has a broader context. That context includes people outside your immediate circle whom your actions affect, the public at large, the whole world; it includes politics, for every choice in modern life has political ramifications; it includes culture, the media, the way the public sees you. Your task as a grand strategist is to extend your vision in all directions—not only looking further into the future but also seeing more of the world around you, more than your enemy does.
“War is the continuation of politics by other means.”—Clausewitz
This calm, detached, rational, far-seeing creature, called “prudent” by the Greeks, is what we shall call the “grand strategist.”
“Forgetting our objectives is the most frequent of all acts of stupidity.”
Grand strategists think and plan further into the future before taking action. Grand strategy has four main principles:
(1) Focus on your greater goal, your destiny. The first step toward becoming a grand strategist is to begin with a clear, detailed, purposeful goal in mind, one rooted in reality.
(2) Widen your perspective. Grand strategy is a function of vision, of seeing further in time and space than the enemy does. Looking through other people’s eyes is not a question of political correctness or of some soft, hazy sensitivity; it makes your strategies more effective. Politics is the art of promoting and protecting your own interests. Being political means understanding people—see through their eyes.
(3) Sever the roots. In a society dominated by appearance, the real source of a problem is sometimes hard to grasp. To work out a grand strategy against an enemy, you have to know what motivates him or is the source of his power. You must expand your vision not only far and wide but under. Think hard, dig deep, do not take appearances for reality.
(4) Take the indirect route to your goal. The greatest danger you face in strategy is losing the initiative and finding yourself constantly reacting to what the other side does. The key is to maintain control of your emotions and plot your moves in advance, seeing the entire chessboard.
Authority: “It is a common mistake in going to war to begin at the wrong end, to act first and to wait for disaster to discuss the matter.”
Grand strategy involves two dangers that you must consider and combat. First, the successes it brings you in your first campaigns may have the same effect on you that easy victory on the battlefield gives a general: drunk on triumph, you may lose the sense of realism and proportion on which your future moves depend. The greater the victory, the greater the danger. Second, the detachment necessary to grand strategy can bring you to a point where you find it hard to act.