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The business of value investing – Six essential elements to buying companies like Warren Buffett- Charlie Tian 2009
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-695143-1-1.html (Page 97-107)
Basic and Advanced Search Strategy
阅读到的有价值的内容段落摘录
Researching what the smart money is buying is just the beginning. The next step in developing a good search strategy is to filter out the best resources and rely heavily on them. In no particular order of importance, the next resources offer valuable investment ideas for any value investor. Investors too often underestimate the power of common knowledge in providing excellent investment ideas and opportunities. Many people believe that it is too good to be true that a company or product you like so much could turn out to be a wonderful investment opportunity. Such thinking is very one - sided and ignores a central tenet of successful investing: staying within your circle of competence. For example, I do not believe that Whole Foods will be less profitable five years from now. If and when the stock price starts trading at levels that completely discounts any future growth, I get excited because I now have the opportunity to own part of a business that I am confident will be more valuable in the future.
Further, this confidence and conviction supersedes emotions in the investment - making process. As a result, the investment is made based on rational considerations. When this mental process occurs, you can easily ignore short - time gyrations in stock price and instead focus on the long - term picture. Peter Lynch, the legendary mutual fund manager at Fidelity’s Magellan Fund between 1977 and 1990, made some of his most spectacular investments just by using a little common knowledge and nothing more. He invested in Taco Bell after being impressed with the food; he invested in Apple after seeing his kids and their friends own an Apple computer; La Quinta Motor Inns after a friend at Holiday Inn told him about it. In fact, Lynch praises his wife as being one of his best investment sources.
Value Line is one of the oldest and most respected investment research firms around. Most important, it is an independent research company, so its information is unbiased. Value Line covers over 3,000 securities in its research database. Each week, Value Line publishes an issue that covers a couple hundred stocks until the cycle is repeated again each quarter. What I like about Value Line is the loads of data you get on each company. On one page, Value Line gives you 10 years of data on the company. It lists all the necessary fundamentals including sales, profits, margins, and return on capital. Over time, serious investors should become aware of the universe of Value Line stocks, much as Buffett did when he went through Moody ’ s investment manuals. The businesses profiled in Value Line cover all the major industries and sectors; just knowing them will give you an excellent mental model of the market.
While the weekly publications are great for general investment ideas, the Value Line Web site offers a powerful search tool. Each week along with the publication, Value Line produces preset screen filters according to certain categories. Based on the category, Value Line screens its own database and lists the 50 to 100 stocks that fall under that classification. So instead of initially going through all the securities in the database, you can look at the areas that would likely contain bargain investment opportunities. For instance, each week Value Line produces a list of stocks under these categories, plus many others:
• Biggest “Free Cash Flow” Generator
• Highest Dividend Yielding Non-Utility Stocks
• Lowest P/E’s
• Widest Discounts from Book Value
• Bargain Basement Stocks
Each category filters through the Value Line database and provides fertile hunting ground for potential investments. You get the same detailed one - page Value Line report for each business. This is an excellent resource base for initial investment ideas. Unfortunately, Value Line’s data is proprietary and thus is not free. An annual subscription to the print manuals will set you back several hundred dollars a year. Unless you need the print manuals, however, the online service is the way to go. You don’t have to wait for your issue in the mail plus you get the added search and data features. Most local libraries have both print and online subscriptions to Value Line, so if you don’t want to shell out the money, you can head over to your local library. Purchasing your own subscription is definitely worth the investment.
Numerous sources can provide lists of stocks that are trading at their lowest prices of the year. Again take these lists as wonderful starting points, but also be careful of value traps. While the markets are never 100 percent efficient, today’s marketplace is much more efficient than it was when Buffett was getting started. Occasionally you have periods of extreme pessimism, where all rationality ceases to exist. The 1974 market decline comes to mind, where tons of great businesses were trading at low single - digit P/E ratios. As I write these pages in the fall of 2008, the implosion of the credit crisis, steep housing declines, and global economic recession are providing a similar 1974-type market environment. You can find lists of stocks hitting new annual lows in various places. The Yahoo! stock screener allows you to search for stocks trading at new low prices. My favorite source is Barchart ( www.barchart.com ). Each day it provides a comprehensive list of 52 – week lows, highs, and everything in between. It ’ s a valuable list of stocks and should be a part of any sound investment strategy.
阅读到的有价值信息的自我思考点评感想
If you analyse the success of Buffett’s success in Korea, there appears no secret trick. He simply put pen to paper and took the necessary time to satisfy his objectives. And above all, he continued to read and read until he had developed a satisfactory core competency to invest in South Korea. Reading, and lots of it, is the final clue to a successful search strategy. When you find a company you like, don’t just read the latest annual report. Go back and read the annual reports for several years. Assess what the business was like then, and evaluate management’s goals and objectives then. Read the annual reports of competitors. You may discover that your initial idea has led to an even better 88 The Business of Value Investing business competitor within the same industry. Read up on industry data so you understand the underlying dynamics going on within the business. It’s true that value investors ignore the macro picture and focus on the underlying business. But there’s a big difference between ignoring something and being ignorant of the facts. In fact, astute investors are very well aware of the macroeconomy. For example, you might discover a wonderful oil company that looks cheap but realize that with oil trading at $150 a barrel, most of the future value comes from oil prices remaining at those levels. By understanding industry fundamentals, you will avoid such elementary mistakes. Instead, you want a business that is still growing when oil is at $60 a barrel and everything in between. Or you may decide to wait it out until a temporary setback brings oil prices down and place your bet then. The point is that by arming yourself with more and more information and develop an acute business sense, you are less likely to make mistakes of commission. I would like to suggest you to read the following books/periodics/newspapers
• Financial Times
• Wall Street Journal
• Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham
• Security Analysis by Benjamin Graham
• The Economist (excellent global journalism)
• Fortune (excellent business journalism)
• The Value Line Investment Survey
• Berkshire Hathaway Annual Letters
• Barron’s
• Outstanding Investor Digest
• New York Times
• The Shanghai Daily
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