Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland-...

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英文文献：Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland-结合对农田生态系统服务的供求估计
英文文献作者：Ma, Shan,Swinton, Scott M.,Lupi, Frank
英文文献摘要：
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for these ES. The result is an empirically based, welfare-maximizing price and quantity of ES that can inform the design of future PES programs.

生态系统服务付费(PES)项目由于采用灵活的方式诱导自愿提供生态系统服务(ES)而越来越受欢迎。管理农业生态系统的农民通过选择生产投入和管理方式，向公众提供重要的非市场生态系统服务。虽然在美国和欧洲有各种PES项目，但据我们所知，没有一个项目是基于对生态系统服务潜在供需的全面理解而设计的。利用独特的、耦合的声明偏好数据集，本文将农民采用增加ES行为意愿的供给侧成本函数与居民为这些ES支付意愿的需求侧社会效益函数结合起来。结果是一个基于经验的、福利最大化的ES价格和数量，可以为未来的PES方案的设计提供信息。

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