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英文文献：Agricultural efficiency, malaria incidence and health expenses among Ugandan farmers-乌干达农民的农业效率、疟疾发病率和保健费用
英文文献作者：Ulimwengu, John M.,Badiane, Ousmane
英文文献摘要：
The importance of health in promoting economic development has been forcefully stated by the World Health Organization’s Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. In this paper, we look at the impact of own household health expenses on malaria incidence and ultimately on agricultural efficiency. We use a non-parametric method to estimate agricultural efficiency, therefore avoiding the issue of identification of the proper household agricultural production function. In addition the simar-wilson approach followed in this paper accounts for bias induced by serial correlation among farmers. A Tobit model with endogenous health production function is used to estimate the impact of malaria incidence on agricultural efficiency. Data come from the 2006 National Ugandan Household Survey. Estimation results suggest that marginal increase in the index of malaria incidence is expected to reduce agricultural efficiency by 0.07; in other words, ten percent increase in malaria incidence will decrease efficiency by 1.5 percent. We also found evidence of female farmers being more efficiency than male by 39.5 percent. Moreover, farmers who have been visited at least once by an extension agent appear more efficiency by 13.9 percent than those who were not.
世界卫生组织的宏观经济和卫生委员会已经有力地说明了健康对促进经济发展的重要性。在这篇论文中，我们研究了家庭医疗费用对疟疾发病率的影响，并最终对农业效率的影响。我们使用非参数方法来估计农业效率，从而避免了确定适当的家庭农业生产函数的问题。此外，本文采用的simar-wilson方法解释了农户间序列相关所引起的偏差。采用一种带有内生健康生产函数的Tobit模型来估计疟疾发病率对农业效率的影响。数据来自2006年乌干达全国家庭调查。估计结果表明，疟疾发病率指数的边际增加预计将使农业效率降低0.07;换句话说，疟疾发病率增加10%将使效率降低1.5%。我们还发现，有证据表明，女性农民的效率比男性高39.5%。此外，那些至少被推广机构访问过一次的农民比那些没有被推广机构访问过的农民效率要高13.9%。
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