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英文文献：The Role of Irrigation in Determining the Global Land Use Impacts of Biofuels-灌溉在确定生物燃料对全球土地利用影响方面的作用
英文文献作者：Taheripour, Farzad,Hertel, Thomas W.,Liu, Jing
英文文献摘要：
In recent years there has been a flurry of activity aimed at evaluating the land use consequences of biofuels programs and the associated carbon releases. In this paper we argue that these studies have tended to underestimate the ensuing land use change, because they have ignored the role of irrigation, and associated constraints on cropland expansion. In this paper, we develop a new general equilibrium model which distinguishes irrigated and rainfed cropping industries at a global scale. Using the new model we evaluate the implications of land use change due to US ethanol programs, in the context of short run constraints on the expansion of irrigated cropland. Since irrigated area tends to offer a higher yield than its rainfed counterpart, this provides an upper bound on the change in cropland following biofuel expansion. We find that the biofuel-induced expansion in global cropland cover is about 16 percent larger when the irrigation constraint is imposed. This translates into a 21 percent increase in land use emissions due to US ethanol production. This estimate represents an upper bound, since irrigated area can be expanded over the medium run in many places around the world.
近年来，出现了一系列旨在评估生物燃料项目对土地使用的影响以及相关的碳排放的活动。在本文中，我们认为这些研究往往低估了随之而来的土地利用变化，因为它们忽略了灌溉的作用，以及农田扩张的相关约束。在此基础上，我们建立了一个新的一般均衡模型来区分全球范围内的灌溉和雨养作物产业。使用新的模型，我们评估了在灌溉农田扩张的短期限制下，美国乙醇计划导致的土地使用变化的影响。由于灌溉区往往比雨灌区提供更高的产量，这就为生物燃料扩张后农田变化提供了一个上限。我们发现，当施加灌溉限制时，生物燃料导致的全球耕地覆盖面积扩大约16%。这意味着由于美国乙醇生产，土地使用的排放增加了21%。这一估计值代表了一个上限，因为在世界上许多地方，灌溉面积可以在中间运行时扩大。
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