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by Bruno J. Strasser (Author)
About the Author
Bruno J. Strasser is professor at the University of Geneva and adjunct professor at Yale University.
About this book
Databases have revolutionized nearly every aspect of our lives. Information of all sorts is being collected on a massive scale, from Google to Facebook and well beyond. But as the amount of information in databases explodes, we are forced to reassess our ideas about what knowledge is, how it is produced, to whom it belongs, and who can be credited for producing it.
Every scientist working today draws on databases to produce scientific knowledge. Databases have become more common than microscopes, voltmeters, and test tubes, and the increasing amount of data has led to major changes in research practices and profound reflections on the proper professional roles of data producers, collectors, curators, and analysts.
Collecting Experiments traces the development and use of data collections, especially in the experimental life sciences, from the early twentieth century to the present. It shows that the current revolution is best understood as the coming together of two older ways of knowing—collecting and experimenting, the museum and the laboratory. Ultimately, Bruno J. Strasser argues that by serving as knowledge repositories, as well as indispensable tools for producing new knowledge, these databases function as digital museums for the twenty-first century.
Brief contents
Introduction 1
Biology, Computers, Data 6
Biology Transformed 8
Naturalists vs. Experimentalists? 11
The Laboratory and Experimentalism 21
The Museum and Natural History 24
1 Live Museums 29
Microbes at the American Museum of Natural History 33
The Industrialization of Mice 40
Corn in an Agricultural Station 44
Sharing Flies 49
Viruses, Bacteria, and the Rise of Molecular Genetics 54
Putting Stock Centers on the Federal Agenda 58
Biological Collections Become Mainstream 63
2 Blood Banks 67
Measuring Species, ca. 1900 69
Alan A. Boyden’s Serological Systematics 74
A Museum in a Laboratory 81
Between Field and Laboratory: Charles G. Sibley 89
Collecting in the Field 92
Hybridization, Not Invasion 105
3 Data Atlases 113
Understanding How Proteins Work 117
Cracking the Genetic Code 121
From the Field to the Laboratory 124
Margaret O. Dayhoff, Computers, and Proteins 127
The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure 135
A Work of Compilation? 139
The Gender of Collecting 146
Research with the Atlas 147
Whose Data? Whose Database? 151
4 Virtual Collections 155
From Physical to Virtual Models 159
The Systematic Study of Protein Structures 163
The Creation of the Protein Data Bank 169
The Natural History of Macromolecules 174
Privacy, Priority, and Property 181
A New Tool for Research 189
5 Public Databases 195
Information Overload on the Horizon 197
Margaret O. Dayhoff vs. Walter B. Goad 202
Europe Takes the Lead 205
Mobilizing the National Institutes of Health 212
Collecting Data, Negotiating Credit and Access 214
Distributing Data, Negotiating Ownership 219
A Conservative Revolution 224
6 Open Science 227
Databases, Journals, and the Gatekeepers of Scientific Knowledge 228
Databases and the Production of Experimental Knowledge 237
Sequence Databases, Genomics, and Computer Networks 239
The Rise of Open Science 244
Databases, Journals, and the Record of Science 252
Conclusion 255
The End of Model Organisms? 256
The New Politics of Knowledge 263
Archives Consulted 273
Bibliography 275
Notes 317
Index 387
Pages: 392 pages
Publisher: University of Chicago Press; First edition (June 4, 2019)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 022663504X
ISBN-13: 978-0226635040
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