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英文文献：Farm Operator Entry and Exit Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis-农场经营者进入和退出行为:纵向分析
英文文献作者：Adamson, Dwight W.,Waugh, Andrew
英文文献摘要：
Farm structure is experiencing a persistent change. Since the early 1980s, US farms specializing in crops have constantly declined in number and grown in average size. Crop production has moved to large farms at the expense of small and medium sized farms. This shift in farm structure to more concentrated production is complex. Market forces such as technological change and changing factor input prices are likely contributors as they have been in the past. Another factor that has generated considerable interest is the role of commodity program payments. Commodity payments are tied to a farm’s current or historical production. Therefore, larger farms tend to receive the greatest share of commodity program payments. However, the extent that commodity payments have contributed to farm concentration is under debate. This project proposes to investigate the role farm characteristics, management practices, and government commodity payment programs in farm concentration by studying the entry and exit decisions of farm operators at the county level in the South Dakota. The study will use longitudinal data from the US Agricultural Census to identify farm structures, management practices and individual operator human capital and demographic characteristics. We intend to combine the agricultural census data with regional data on local economic activity, fiscal measures and natural amenities to explain farm producer’s entry and exit decisions.
农业结构正在经历一个持续的变化。自20世纪80年代初以来，美国专门种植农作物的农场数量不断减少，但规模却在平均水平上增长。作物生产转移到大型农场，而中小农场则受到影响。农业结构向更集中生产的转变是复杂的。市场力量，如技术变革和不断变化的要素投入价格，可能是过去的贡献者。另一个引起相当大兴趣的因素是商品方案付款的作用。商品支付与农场当前或历史产量挂钩。因此，规模较大的农场往往会获得商品项目支付的最大份额。然而，商品支付在多大程度上促进了农业集中，目前仍存在争议。本项目拟通过研究南达科他州县一级农场经营者的进入和退出决策，调查农场特征、管理实践和政府商品支付方案在农场集中中的作用。该研究将使用来自美国农业普查的纵向数据来确定农场结构、管理实践、个体经营者人力资本和人口特征。我们打算将农业普查数据与有关当地经济活动、财政措施和自然设施的区域数据结合起来，以解释农业生产者的进入和退出决定。
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