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制造业走向数字化：智能工厂有潜力激发劳动生产率
2019 Deloitte and MAPI Smart Factory Study
2019德勤和MAPI智能工厂研究
Smart factories will be the game changer for the US manufacturing industry. Adopting smart factories will likely result in threefold productivity improvements over the next decade.
智能工厂将改变美国制造业的游戏规则。在未来十年里，采用智能工厂可能会使生产率提高三倍。
EACH industrial revolution has transformed production, delivered better economic output, and, consequently, immense economic gains globally. But something has shifted in the past two decades—manufacturing productivity growth appears stuck. In spite of the continual improvements in equipment, software, and management approaches, the annual labor productivity growth rate in the United States was around 0.7 percent in the years between 2007 and 2018, and showed zero net average growth during the past five years.
每一次工业革命都改变了生产，带来了更好的经济产出，从而在全球范围内取得了巨大的经济收益。但在过去20年里发生了一些变化，制造业生产率增长似乎陷入停滞。尽管设备、软件和管理方法不断改进，美国2007年至2018年的年劳动生产率增长率约为0.7%，过去五年的平均增长率为零。
Labor productivity is a major metric of economic output, and gains in productivity are important because, on a macro scale, labor productivity determines the standard of living of people, nations, and the world.1 Currently, however, economic output is moving in lockstep with the number of hours people work, rather than rising as it did for much of the last seven decades (figure 1).
劳动生产率是衡量经济产出的一个重要指标，而生产率的提高也很重要，因为从宏观上讲，劳动生产率决定着人们、国家和世界的生活水平。1然而，目前，经济产出与人们工作的时数是同步的，而不是像过去许多年那样上升过去70年（图1）。
Enter the Fourth Industrial Revolution—the newest chapter in industrial development that promises to ignite stalled labor productivity in manufacturing via connected machines, people, data, and value chains. In that sense, the smart factory could potentially ignite stalled labor productivity and unlock the key to productivity for manufacturers. But how? In April 2019, Deloitte and the Manufacturer’s Alliance for Productivity and Innovation (MAPI) jointly launched a study to determine how manufacturers are pursuing smart factory initiatives to drive business impact (see sidebar, “Research methodology”). Qualitative and quantitative analysis reveals five major findings:
进入第四次工业革命-工业发展的最新篇章，有望通过连接的机器、人员、数据和价值链点燃制造业停滞的劳动生产率。从这个意义上说，智能工厂可能会点燃停滞的劳动生产率，为制造商打开生产率之门。但是怎么做呢？2019年4月，德勤与制造商生产力与创新联盟（MAPI）联合发起了一项研究，以确定制造商如何推行智能工厂计划，以推动业务影响（见侧栏“研究方法”）。定性和定量分析揭示了五个主要发现：
Every manufacturer—whether already “running smart” or yet to invest in smart factory technologies—can harvest business value from smart factory initiatives.
每一个制造商，无论是已经“运行智能”还是尚未投资智能工厂技术，都可以从智能工厂计划中获得商业价值。
Smart factory initiatives accelerate business value creation. Companies report as much as 10–12 percent gains in areas like manufacturing output, factory utilization, and labor productivity after they invested in smart factory initiatives.
智能工厂计划加快了业务价值创造。企业在投资智能工厂计划后，在制造业产出、工厂利用率和劳动生产率等领域的涨幅高达10%-12%。
There is a direct and established connection—primarily through investment and use cases—between smart factory initiatives and the business value realized. What’s more, any manufacturer can use this connection.
智能工厂计划与实现的业务价值之间主要通过投资和用例建立直接的联系。而且，任何制造商都可以使用这种连接。
While there are risks, primarily operational and financial, they are outnumbered by the smart factory’s value contribution. Also, most risks can be mitigated through rational stakeholder selection, an efficient change management strategy, measurable proof-of-concepts, and incremental investments.
虽然存在风险，主要是运营风险和财务风险，但智能工厂的价值贡献远远超过了这些风险。此外，大多数风险可以通过合理的利益相关者选择、有效的变更管理策略、可衡量的概念证明和增量投资来降低。
An identified cohort—we call it Trailblazers—is outperforming with smart factory initiatives.
一个我们称之为“开拓者”的团队在智能工厂计划方面表现出色。
Early smart factory adopters report average three-year gains of 10 percent for factory output, factory capacity utilization, and labor productivity. Not just that, these companies expect labor productivity to improve another 2 percentage points to 12 percent by 2022 (figure 2).
早期的智能工厂采用者报告，工厂产量、工厂产能利用率和劳动生产率三年平均增长10%。不仅如此，这些公司预计到2022年劳动生产率将再提高2个百分点至12%（图2）。
2019 Deloitte and MAPI Smart Factory Study5625.pdf
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